略论契约婚姻视角下的离婚损害赔偿制度

传统的离婚损害赔偿制度建立在侵权责任基础上,只有完全满足侵权责任构成要件才能够适用,无法解决无过错离婚造成的损害问题。而在契约婚姻框架下,实行严格责任归责可以追究无过错方的违约责任,能够更好地保护因离婚受到损害的一方。     

The Social Ecology of Race and Ethnicity School Achievement Gaps: Economic,Neighborhood, School,and Family Factors

This study used a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students to examine the degree to which economic, neighborhood, school, and family factors contributed to three points on a proposed school outcome continuum: (1)avoidance of problem behavior, (2)sense of school coherence, and (3)grades. Multilevel models were employed to account for the clustering of students inside schools. Results suggested that though family and neighborhood social factors contribute to variance in school outcomes, family and neighborhood economic factors revealed the largest potential to explain and therefore present leverage points to reduce race and ethnicity achievement gaps.     

北朝元氏与勋臣八姓婚姻研究

勋臣八姓是平城时期元氏最主要的婚配对象,其中穆氏子弟所占比例要大大高于其他部族子弟,是元氏最固定的婚姻群体。元氏与勋臣八姓的婚姻也是可以达到民族融合的,而这种融合和迁都后相比是隐性的和有限的。这些婚姻带有浓郁的政治色彩。     

从金文看两周婚姻关系

从两周金文可以看出当时婚姻关系:明言婚娶,载明夫方信息,铭文本身表明夫妇关系、子母关系,器铭之间互证可明确的婚姻关系。金文结合传世文献可看出:女性称谓首字所标示的父方信息、夫方信息,判断夫妇婚姻关系,从两周金文并结合遗存看婚姻关系。     

西汉前期西北民族研究

西汉建立之初 ,国势衰弱 ,而其北方的匈奴却很强大 ,并不断对汉朝西北边境侵掠 ,向河西、河湟和西域地区扩张 ,以及汉朝大力恢复、发展社会经济的同时 ,加强西北边防建设的一些具体措施。本文认为 ,在敌强汉弱情况下的和亲政策 ,以及汉朝为发展经济和加强边防建设的政策、措施 ,乃是对付强敌的一种积极的防御政策     

建立我国分居制度的立法构想

我国婚姻立法将分居作为离婚判决的根据之一 ,没有将分居制度化。这不利于调整分居期间的婚姻家庭关系 ,实践中法官也不易操作。因此 ,我国婚姻立法应当参照国外立法经验 ,结合我国实际 ,建立我国的分居制度     

试论配偶身份权

婚姻是私法上的契约,也是制度的安排。公民可以选择是否进入婚姻这一法律关系,但对婚姻之制度性的本质体现的配偶身份权利义务,无变更、排斥的意思表示。配偶身份权兼具绝对权与相对权的特质,配偶身份权利义务与财产法上的契约权利义务有许多本质的区别。     

Age at first marriage in Malawi: a Bayesian multilevel analysis using a discrete time-to-event model

Summary.  The paper presents a hierarchical discrete time survival model for the analysis of the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data to assess the determinants of transition to marriage among women in Malawi. The model explicitly accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity by using family and community random effects with cross-level correlation structure. A nonparametric technique is used to model the base-line discrete hazard dynamically. Parameters of the model are computed by using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The results show that rising age at marriage is a combination of birth cohort and education effects, depends considerably on the family and to some extent on the community in which a woman resides and the correlation between family and community random effects is negative. These results confirm a downward trend in teenage marriage and that raising women's education levels in sub-Saharan Africa has the beneficial effect of increasing age at marriage, and by implication reducing total fertility rates. The negative correlation between family and community random effects has policy implications in that targeting communities with an intervention to increase age at first marriage may not necessarily yield reduced fertility levels in individual families. A campaign that is geared towards individual families would achieve the desired goals. Overall, the findings point to the need for the Government in Malawi to enact public policies which are geared at vastly improving women's education at higher levels. The variation in marriage rates over families poses problems in delivering the policy, since particular policies must be devised for specific groups of families to accomplish the required social and health objectives.     

广西贺州枫木村壮族婚姻圈个案考察

多族群、多层次、多方言杂居于同一区域,在政治地位一致,没有政策上和事实上的歧视,各个群体外表特征难以区分、辨别的情况下,他们的婚姻仍然没有完全平等,同样受到多种因素的制约。1949年以来广西贺州枫木村壮族男子配偶来源地变迁的情况,充分显示出这一特点,表明地理环境、经济文化水平、族群层次、族群传统造就的自我意识等因素对婚姻选择的影响巨大。同时,与各族群及层次通婚普遍较高的比率,从某种程度上说明这里的族群关系整体和谐融洽,经济文化差距正在逐步缩小,并共同向小康社会迈进。