Family roles and work values: Processes of selection and change

This study focuses on whether marriage and parenthood influence work values after taking into account the influence of work values on family formation. In a recent panel of young adults (N= 709), stronger extrinsic and weaker intrinsic work values during adolescence predicted marriage and parenthood 9 years out of high school. Controlling these relationships, wives, but not husbands, came to attach less importance to extrinsic rewards, and both husbands and wives attached less importance to intrinsic rewards, compared to single men and women. Fathers came to place greater importance on extrinsic rewards than men who had not become parents. The effect of motherhood on extrinsic values depended upon marital status, with positive effects only evident among single mothers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of work‐family relationships and understanding the meaning of contemporary family roles, especially motherhood and fatherhood.     

闾伯昇墓志所见的北魏柔然

安阳地区出土的间伯异墓志,以珍贵的民族历史文物透露出北朝晚期拓跋王朝与柔然民族结缘通好、相互孽乳的历史动态。墓志涉及了拓跋朝廷接与柔然贵族时高官厚禄、互通姻好的政治策略。     

从贾母所定择偶标准看其开明婚姻观——兼论林黛玉婚姻悲剧产生的原因

在既往的红学研究中,多数论者认为,贾母是林黛玉婚姻悲剧的主要制造者之一。然而,从贾母为贾宝玉所定择偶标准来看,她的婚姻观是相当开明的,从未限制过某人的自由。对照宏著内容,她始终是林黛玉的呵护人。值得遗憾的是,她对林黛玉过分溺爱,缺乏必要的人生指导和培养教育,使其不良性格未得到些许纠正。林黛玉自身所具有的孤傲自许、目无下尘、褊狭尖刻、小性儿等不适应社会人生的乖张性格是导致其婚姻悲剧的主要原因。强加在贾母头上的破坏林黛玉婚姻的恶名应予洗雪。林黛玉自身极难适应社会人生的癖性可资后人镜鉴。     

“胡风”氤氲下北朝开放的婚姻风气

北朝时期,北方少数民族入主中原,受其开放的婚姻观念影响,北朝婚姻风气空前开放,主要表现在妇女的好妒风气,妇女的社交自由与主持门户,妇女的婚姻自主权以及妇女的再嫁自由等方面,反映了北朝民族融合洪流中鲜卑文化对汉族传统文化的巨大冲击与影响.     

婚姻神话叙事模式考

中国远古婚姻神话虽然十分复杂 ,但其叙事模式却主要有三 :“龙配龙 ,凤配凤”模式 ;“龙配凤”模式 ;“美女配龙凤”模式。它们不仅客观记录了中国原始先民的婚姻演变史和氏族形成史、宗教观念和女子地位的演变史 ,而且也真实记录了远古诸氏族不断融合、华夏民族初步形成的历史     

Early Marriage in the United States

Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high‐school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals’ marriages.     

Exercise Time: Gender Differences in the Effects of Marriage,Parenthood, and Employment

Using data from a supplement to the 1995 National Health Interview Survey, this article examines the relationship among three major work and family roles—marriage, parenthood, and employment—and time spent on exercise among American men and women ages 18 to 64 (N = 13,496). As the time availability perspective suggests, work and family roles curtail time for exercise. Married adults spend less time on exercising than unmarried adults. Although the number of children is not related to time spent on exercising, having children under age 5 is negatively associated with exercising. Long hours of employment are also related to less time spent on exercising, although the effect is small. Across the board, women spend less time on exercising than men, but the negative association of work and family roles, especially the role of spouse, with time for exercise is greater for men than for women.     

A Review of Adult Attachment Measures: Implications for Theory and Research

There has been increasing interest in adult attachment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Because the test of a theory is based on our ability to assess theoretical constructs, the review is organized around assessment techniques. Delineating the content, focus, assumptions, and correlates of different attachment measures highlights central issues and problems in conducting research in adult attachment. In this review, we present theoretical issues related to adult attachment, in particular, individual differences, working models, and the role of attachment in adult life. A summary of the measures commonly used in the study of adult attachment follows. The literature review is organized by measure, examining topics such as relations between childhood experiences and adult attachment status, and adult attachment and adult personality and functioning, parenting and partnership behavior. Studies which explore relations between measures are discussed before concluding with thoughts about future directions.     

五十年来中国大陆婚姻状况的嬗变

自1949年新中国成立以来,中国大陆的婚姻制度在半个世纪内经历了由传统向现代嬗变的艰难历程。推动这种嬗变既有新旧制度变迁的因素,也有各种社会政治运动的冲击,更有“文革”的摧残;又因改革开放后人性的恢复、自由的实现而带来的新气象,以及西方社会生活方式的影响,其间的阵痛几乎与中国社会同步。婚姻是男女的结合。在中国,女性在更大程度上受制于社会、家庭、父母和丈夫,基于此,将现代中国婚姻史说成是现代中国妇女生活史并不为过。     

Career Planning in Spain: Do Fixed-term Contracts Delay Marriage and Parenthood?

The aim of this paper is to find an empirical connection between the striking increase in the use of fixed-term contracts in Spain and the observed delay in the age at marriage and maternity. Using the eight waves of individual information from the European Household Panel for Spain, we find that for men, the decision whether to get married is strongly negatively affected by holding unstable contracts or not working, relative to when an indefinite contract is held. However, for women, results suggest that holding fixed-term contracts is not a deterrent for the decision whether to get married. With respect to the decision of whether to enter into parenthood, results indicate that for all childless women, either with no partner, holding fixed-term contracts delays entry into motherhood relative to the holding of indefinite contracts. The discouragement effect is stronger for women with no partner, though.JEL classification: D1, J1