婚姻的裂变 人格的成长——精神分析批评视野下的珍妮文学形象解读

《他们眼望上苍》是美国著名作家佐拉.尼尔.赫斯顿的经典之作。长期以来该部作品中的女主人公珍妮一直是学术界关注的焦点。本文主要从弗洛伊德精神分析批评学这一新的角度,对珍妮的人格成长进行剖析,进而挖掘作者塑造珍妮这一文学形象的真正用意。     

写意与内敛——京剧与能剧的比较研究

京剧与能剧分别作为中国和日本两国的国粹,在本国都享有很高的地位。通过回顾京剧与能剧的历史,从布景、面容、服饰、题材、剧目等方面进行比较与分析,可窥见两国不同的文化特征以及源远流长的文化交流史。京剧与能剧的最大区别是京剧具有写意性特征,能剧具有内敛性特征。     

论婚姻家庭之法理要义——兼评最高人民法院《婚姻法》司法解释(三)

文章从婚姻家庭的文化、内涵、功能和利益四个层面进行了法理的阐释和梳理,进而从宏观层面把握作为社会结构细胞的婚姻家庭的实质,并以此作为理论依据和立论基础反思最高人民法院《婚姻法》司法解释(三),进而对其法律解释立场、观点和价值取向提出了批判。     

HIV Prevention and Social Desirability: Husband–Wife Discrepancies in Reports of Condom Use

Greater use of condoms within marriage would help limit the spread of HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using data from the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP), the authors examined the influence that the fidelity norm and the traditional association between marriage and reproduction have on condom use with a spouse. The sample included 749 married couples. The authors used latent class analysis to estimate a “true,” or latent measure of condom use by couples based on the individual reports of husbands and wives and to explore the reasons why individuals tend to misreport their use of condoms. They found that married couples with more children were more likely to use condoms and that having been informed by experts about AIDS prevention at home induced men and women to overreport condom use within marriage in a survey but may not necessarily increase the extent to which condoms are used.     

Defining Life Partnerships: Does Sexual Orientation Matter?

ABSTRACT

This study compared the responses of gay men, lesbians, heterosexual men, and heterosexual women to a number of questions investigating the needs and tensions in life partnerships between two individuals. Overall, the groups had similar attitudes toward life partnerships. Nearly all respondents found great meaning in the idea of life partnership, the pursuits of psychological and physical intimacy and the importance of family and social support, and all three of these categories were actually considered more important than the ability to marry legally. Respondents recognized that having children may encourage commitment to life partnerships, though this was less influential for gay men. A significant percentage of respondents, regarding HIV status, either had no opinion or felt that HIV was not particularly or not at all threatening to life partnerships. Men and women, regardless of sexual orientation, appear to experience similar needs and aspirations regarding life partnerships.     

婚姻、就业及退休对健康影响的性别差异——西方的视角及其研究进展

性别差异既是人群健康差异的重要原因之一,也是人群健康差异的表现维度之一。就业、婚姻和退休是人生的重要环节,也是与成年人生活息息相关的制度安排。无论是职场还是家庭,所有的经济角色都会因性别化的角色期待和角色认知而形成性别差异,该差异会导致健康相关行为的性别差异,从而对两性的健康产生不同的影响。通过梳理国外的相关文献,对该领域的研究成果进行总结回顾,以期为国内的研究提供一些参考。     

The Role of Perceived Racial Discrimination in the Marriage Gap Between Black and White People

Abstract

Many explanations offered for the gap in marriage rates between Black and White people are economic and cultural. Less often considered are how racial social psychological factors influence marriage rates. In this study, we use critical race theory and the life course perspective to investigate how perceived racial discrimination impacts the likelihood of marriage for Black and White people. Data for the study are taken from the Portraits of American Life Study (N?=?678). The results of logistic regression analyses show that among people who report perceived racial discrimination, White people generally have a higher probability of being married compared to Black people. Analyses by age demonstrate that among younger adults, Black people who perceive racial discrimination are equally likely to be married as White people and have a higher probability of being married than Black people who do not report perceptions of racial discrimination. A negative influence on the odds of marriage related to perceived racial discrimination for Black people becomes clearer as respondents age. The findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of racial discrimination to better understand the marriage gap between Black and White people across the life course.     

Wives and widows in medieval Flanders

Widowhood has long been regarded as the most emancipated condition that women might enjoy, affording them a freedom, agency and access to the public sphere denied their single or married counterparts. A corollary of this assumption is that most women documented as active participants in public life should be identified as widows. Based on a large corpus of references to female activity in bailiffs’ accounts and in town records and ordinances, however, this article argues that in pre-Burgundian Flanders widowhood in no way constituted a privileged status, either morally, socially, legally or economically. Flemish women were educated in order that they might achieve gainful employment; they married late and maintained control of property in marriage. Married women functioned as legal persons; they participated publicly, independently and routinely in Flemish urban life to such a degree that their subsequent activities as widows can only be understood as being in fundamental continuity with their prior behaviour as wives. This, in conjunction with the ambiguity and instability of terms for ‘women whose spouses are deceased’, destabilized the very concept of ‘widow’ itself.     

Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in Adolescence: An Italian Study

This study investigates Italian adolescents’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and same-sex marriage, and their beliefs about the origins of homosexuality. The sample consists of 449 subjects (226 males), aged between 14 and 21 years. The principal instruments used are: the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay men (ATLG), the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS), and the Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage (ATSM). Results suggest that males show a more negative attitude than females toward homosexuals. Furthermore data reveal that respondents with a lack of personal direct contact with gay people have less positive attitudes toward homosexual people and same-sex marriage. The data in this study suggest that homophobia could be deeply rooted in a traditional value system that refutes gender equality.