Dementia Problem Behavior and the Production of Informal Caregiving Services

Informal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease spend a considerable amount of time providing care. In this paper, we use Grossman's health production and Becker's time allocation models to develop a model of informal care provision to elderly dementia patients. In our model, time inputs produce caregiving services, which provides utility to the caregiver, but reduces leisure. We assume that time is less productive of services on the margin as the disease progresses. In this framework, an increase in patients' disease severity does not necessarily increase informal caregiver time input. The cost of formal care establishes a reservation price for informal caregiving. When the costs of informal caregiving rise above this reservation level, the patient is institutionalized. We test empirically the effect of deterioration in the patients' condition, proxied by both disease severity and dementia problem behavior, on informal caregiving time. We find that dementia-related problem behaviors and functional limitations significantly increase inputs of informal caregiving time. Patients' problem behavior exerts a modifying effect on functional limitations, and patients' comorbidities have no effect on informal caregiving time.     

解读“超级女声”——大众文化的社会学分析

“超女”与曾经流行的“超级模仿秀”及时下的“非常6 1”、“梦想中国”等娱乐节目,是商业精英与文化精英联手打造的“文化产品”与“时尚”。文化精英只是这种现象和理念的移植者,其产生取决于精英、大众与传媒三者相互制约、影响、建构的共同作用。     

试论美术文化中的技术理性

无论从劳动产品的角度看,还是从社会的角度看,技术都是理性的表现;产品的生产过程,是一种技术展现的过程,即生产者的个性标记通过技术展现的过程,因此,技术本身也具有理性。理性的技术促进了人类社会的发展。     

史料引用致误原因分析

史料是史学研究的基础.但自古以来,由于种种原因,错误的或者事实模糊不清的史料很多,如果不作必要的考证鉴别,很难获得科学的研究成果.造成史料引用致误的原因是多方面的,归结起来主要有:(1)史料本身无误,由于没有正确理解原意或者标点不正确而致误;(2)史料本身无误,由于引用者推断不确而致误;(3)史料内容比较含蓄,由于引用者缺乏深入辨析而致误;(4)没有直接引用原书而致误;(5)因版本不善而造成史料的错误或脱漏;(6)史料本身就有错误.     

美国与英国公益性科技管理体系研究

从国家科技管理机构、科研体系及公共科研成果转化三个方面分析美国和英国的公益性科技管理制度及其发展变化.随着经济全球化和知识自由流动的发展,科学技术在国家经济发展与社会进步方面的作用越来越大,政府在科技管理上的职能与地位也随之发生变化,总的来说是由原来的主要资助者和实施者转变为催化者和促进者.     

科技创新是现代化高校发展的重要标志

近年来,高校作为国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,大力加强科学研究。北京大学让本科生提前介入科研,培养科研创新能力。高校创办的具有特色的大学科技园、高科技产业群,逐步发展成为普遍趋势,高校已经成为中国基础研究的主力军。高校现有的人才资源有效结合起来,就形成一批充满活力的科技创新集体。     

言语生成及理解的心理模型

言语生成 (speechproduction)和言语理解 (speechunderstanding)是语言交际中十分复杂的心理认知过程 ,也是心理语言学研究中的一个重要内容。本文拟对有关言语生成和理解的几种心理模型予以讨论 ,探讨言语生成及理解的过程和实质。     

番茄红素的生产与检测研究

基于番茄红素有防癌抑癌的生理功能,使之成为具有广阔应用前景的天然色素。该文针对番茄红素生产过程中产品产率低、纯度差的现状,对番茄红素的稳定性、生产方法、纯化方法、异构体的分离以及检测进行阐述。为番茄红素工业生产提供理论和实践依据。     

Potential exposures and risks from beryllium-containing products.

Beryllium is the strongest of the lightweight metals. Used primarily in military applications prior to the end of the Cold War, beryllium is finding new applications in many commercial products, including computers, telecommunication equipment, and consumer and automotive electronics. The use of beryllium in nondefense consumer applications is of concern because beryllium is toxic. Inhalation of beryllium dust or vapor causes a chronic lung disease in some individuals at concentrations as low as 0.01 microg/m3 in air. As beryllium enters wider commerce, it is prudent to ask what risks this might present to the general public and to workers downstream of the beryllium materials industry. We address this question by evaluating the potential for beryllium exposure from the manufacturing, use, recycle, and disposal of beryllium-containing products. Combining a market study with a qualitative exposure analysis, we determine which beryllium applications and life cycle phases have the largest exposure potential. Our analysis suggests that use and maintenance of the most common types of beryllium-containing products do not result in any obvious exposures of concern, and that maintenance activities result in greater exposures than product use. Product disposal has potential to present significant individual risks, but uncertainties concerning current and future routes of product disposal make it difficult to be definitive. Overall, additional exposure and dose-response data are needed to evaluate both the health significance of many exposure scenarios, and the adequacy of existing regulations to protect workers and the public. Although public exposures to beryllium and public awareness and concern regarding beryllium risks are currently low, beryllium risks have psychometric qualities that may lead to rapidly heightened public concern.     

论按劳分配与按生产要素分配的有机结合

在社会主义市场经济条件下坚持按劳分配的主体地位,既是社会主义生产过程本身的客观要求,也是社会主义市场经济健康发展的现实要求。同时,由于多种所有制及多元产权主体的存在,作为市场机制在分配领域发挥作用的具体表现,按生产要素分配在社会主义市场经济条件下也具有必然性。实践中,必须在全面认识二者对立统一关系的基础上,从微观经济领域的运行层次和所有制结构层次以及宏现经济运行层次实现按劳分配与按生产要素分配的有机结合。