制度供给、财政分权与中国的农村治理

治理分为经济治理和政治治理两类项目。在中国自上而下供给主导型制度变迁的基本模式下,有必要在一个统一的框架内梳理新中国建立以来农村经济和政治治理的变迁情况。在供给主导型制度变迁模式下,中央政府针对农村治理的制度安排,往往受中央政府不同政策目标的权衡及地方政府激励相容条件的制约,从这个意义上讲,人民公社时期和改革开放至今,中国农村经济治理和政治治理的原则,都是内生于以财政收支为主要内容的国家建构过程的。特别是由于治理的实施既有赖于中央政府不同政策目标间的权衡,同时也取决于地方政府的支持和配合,因而蕴涵在不同层级政府间财政收支安排中的政府收支责任及地方政府的激励相容问题,对中国农村治理有重要影响。     

构筑精神世界的另一半——鲁迅绘画活动的精神意义

在鲁迅的文化活动中,最重要的两个活动一个是文学,一个则是绘画,或称美术,他的精神世界,也就一半在文字中,一半在画中。在鲁迅的精神世界里,一半内容是理性的,如为人生的精神追求,对文学艺术社会性、批判性、真实性等的追求;一半内容是感性的,如欣赏的追求、娱乐的追求,甚至是半休闲半病态趣味的追求。理性的追求,更多地表现在文学创作中,感性的追求,更多地表现在其绘画活动中。     

碱改性高岭土的吸油性能研究

利用NaOH浸提高温煅烧的高岭土,考察了碱的浓度、碱与高岭土的比例、反应温度和反应时间等因素对高岭土改性后吸油性能的影响,采用DTA-TG、XRD、BET、SEM、TEM等方法对碱改性高岭土的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,3 mol/L NaOH以碱土比6 mL/g在90℃下处理高岭土2h后,所得改性高岭土的吸油值大幅度提高,这归因于碱改性高岭土后平均孔径得到提高,孔分布更为集中,孔洞数量和比表面积大大增加。     

清代石柱同知王萦绪文学创作述论——兼论重庆民族地区清代中期地方官员政治心态

清乾隆石柱同知王萦绪在任期间创作了大量文学作品,基本反映了经营石柱的思想和行为。重庆民族地区清代中期地方官员有关文学作品和执政行为显示的政治心态主要体现为感恩戴德谋尽忠、随遇而安结名流和恪尽职守理子民等等,折射了忠君尽职、安民为重的品性。     

苏轼贬谪生涯与北宋岭南文化

在贬谪岭南六年多的时间里，苏轼仍以君子自强不息的精神，对岭南的佛道文化、旅游文化、饮食卫生文化以及教育科技文化加以吸收、改造、传播或建设，既在逆境中调节了自己的身心，也传承了先贤的文化精神，成为北宋时期贬谪岭南造福岭南最著名的文化巨人。     

Social perception of natural risks by local residents in developing countries—The example of the coastal area of Benin

Risk management and planning activities cannot be sustainably and efficiently implemented unless being based on a participative approach resulting from the problem consciousness and perception of the local inhabitants. This requires that the measures linked to problem perception and assessment by local stakeholders, above all by the population affected, are known. This investigation conducted in the flat Beninese coastal lagoon areas aims to assess the local inhabitants’ risk perception. The results are the following: (i) the stakeholders have group-specific ways of risk perception (according to ethnicity, social group, age); (ii) every risk management strategy should be based on the group-specific ways of risk perception and assessment; (iii) the acceptance of a given risk management strategy including interactive ways of participation can be advanced through education, dissemination of risk information as well as through communication between stakeholders.     

Teenage Black Girls and Violence: Coming of Age in an Urban Environment

Abstract

Exposure to violence and fear of violence in relation to hopefulness and anger were investigated for 30 teenage Black girls 14 to 19 years of age. Information from focus groups was included to provide a context for the empirical data. Results indicated that overall the girls were hopeful, with a mean score of 135 (SD = 18.2) out of a possible score of 168. Correlation and regression procedures revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between hopefulness and exposure to violence. No significant relationship was found between anger and hopefulness. Fear of violence was positively related to exposure to violence but did not appear related to anger or hopefulness. The findings were mixed and did not capture the kind of hopelessness and anger which often appear in the literature describing children growing up in urban environments. Through the use of focus groups the teenage girls provided contextual information which seemed to indicate that many of them shared the values of mainstream society in terms of their future aspirations and assessment of their communities.     

ROC Curves in Non‐Parametric Location‐Scale Regression Models

Abstract. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a tool of extensive use to analyse the discrimination capability of a diagnostic variable in medical studies. In certain situations, the presence of a covariate related to the diagnostic variable can increase the discriminating power of the ROC curve. In this article, we model the effect of the covariate over the diagnostic variable by means of non‐parametric location‐scale regression models. We propose a new non‐parametric estimator of the conditional ROC curve and study its asymptotic properties. We also present some simulations and an illustration to a data set concerning diagnosis of diabetes.     

关于抛物线与相交直线围成的弓形面积初等数学解法的探讨

文章运用两种巧妙的分割和利用无究递缩等比数列求和公式等初等数学知识，求出了抛物线与相交直线围成的弓形面积计算公式。     

Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain:

Two diseases, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are responsible for a majority of the chronic musculoskeletal pain that older women experience. Osteoporosis is the metabolic bone disease most common in older women and is responsible for fractures, kyphosis, and chronic pain. Osteoarthritis, the most commonly diagnosed musculoskeletal problem in older women, causes degeneration of the weight-bearing joints in the body, resulting in limited function and chronic pain. In this paper, these and other common disorders are briefly described and typical coping strategies used by older women in pain are reviewed. In addition, potential multidisciplinary treatment regimens are discussed.