社会运动何以在中国产生——中国社会运动的海外研究及其进展

随着20世纪80年代以来社会变迁的急剧加速，社会运动也在中国不断发展。围绕着社会运动何以在中国产生这一核心问题，海外学者从动力机制、制度条件、动员模式等方面探讨了当下中国社会运动产生的繁芜背景，并分析了这一现象对于中国政治所可能产生的复杂影响。随着研究的进一步深入，量化和比较的研究方法正不断增加，而理论建设型研究也将不断发展。     

Relations between environmental problems,psychology and health among shift-workers in the Norwegian process industry

Abstract

A group of 89 male shift-workers, mean age 38 years, was examined for health complaints, subjective experience of their work environment, psychological defence strategies, and immunological factors. They worked in a process industry, controlling a complex chemical process partly by instruments and partly by direct checking of mechanical devices such as valves. Shifts were eight hours long and changed every second week.

The main problem areas identified were problems with the management, colleagues and superiors, feelings of being under-valued, time pressure, fear of making mistakes, and lack of influence and communication. The main health complaints were sleep disturbance and gastro-intestinal problems. Shift workers also complained about allergies, breathing difficulties, tension, anxiety and depression. There were no pathological levels of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) or Ig complements. However, levels did correlate with experience of work-related problems and with measures of defence mechanisms. Up to 25% of the variance in die immunological indicators was explained by a combination of defence mechanism scores and those of perceived health and work problems. This suggests that immunoglobulins may be an indicator of work-related health risks (‘stress’), even if the level of explained variance is too low to use immunoglobulins alone as a ‘marker’. The same variables, and immunoglobulins, also related significantly to perceived health. This may be a particularly important indicator, and when combined with immunology and psychological variables, also as a risk factor for organic disease.     

市场、国家与经营者自由——反垄断法的经济伦理学批判

反垄断法是市场经济的国家干预法。它提供给人们的思考是,意图通过国家干预手段达到资源优化配置作用的效果是否会优于市场机制本身?为之,经济学理论研究却提供了两种截然相反的结论。但问题是,如果国家干预优于市场机制本身,那么市场机制还有存在的必要吗?如果不是,那么市场的自生自发秩序如何塑造,作为市场主体之一经营者的自由权利最大可以扩展到什么范围,国家规制垄断的合理边界该如何限定?     

“X族”构式的认知机制分析

构式语法认为构式是语言运用的基本单位,随着汉语＂X族＂表达式的流行,＂X族＂已然成为一个能产性颇高的构式。而学界对短语构式却缺乏关注,本文从构式角度分析＂X族＂的构式特征及其认知机制。＂X族＂为嵌入式的短语构式,具有构式完型效果,指别共有X行为特征的人群;认知机制上,＂X族＂构式主要涉及认知隐喻和转喻、以及社会、认知与语言的互动。     

本科生专业导师与思政辅导员双重培养机制优化探究

针对高校在实行本科生专业导师与思政辅导员双重培养机制中存在的问题,应加强本科生专业导师的选聘、培训工作,规范专业导师绩效考核和评价机制,完善思政辅导员学生管理与专业参与水平双重评价机制,建立健全双重培养质量监督体系,充分发挥导师专业指导和辅导员思政教育管理双重培养优势,最大限度地发挥学生自身特长,全面服务大学生成长成才。     

美洲区域性人权保护机制析论

美洲区域性的人权保护制度包含了《美洲国家组织宪章》与《美洲人权公约》等具体机制。而美洲人权委员会和美洲人权法院则对该区域性的人权保障进行国际监督。区域性人权国际保护的开展则通过个人申诉程序、国家研究程序、国家报告程序、国家间指控程序等程序进行。     

“风险社会”视角下的社会信任危机及其应对

"风险社会"理论已经成为理解和解释当今世界的一个关键概念。在风险社会中,不确定性和不可控制性的社会情景致使社会信任结构体系断裂,产生了社会信任的非社会化、私人化和非理性化等危机。这种由社会风险造成的社会信任危机,可以通过强化信任危机意识、风险意识和宣扬共同价值观重建社会信任文化,同时加强信任制度建设和构建"第三方"信任的制度体系,从根本上解决社会信任危机,促进人们形成普遍信任的心态,提高应对社会风险的能力。     

外部资源利用和中小企业成长能力演化机理

中小企业在推动我国经济转型和供给侧改革方面的作用不可替代,现实问题是我国中小企业面临着广泛的资源约束,因此强化对外部资源的获取和利用能力极其重要,尤其是互补性和关键性外部资源的获取和利用。在对外部资源进行分类的基础上,凝练出网络化嵌入、合作式集群和用户参与三种外部资源的利用方式。然后,通过建立SLIC分析模型概括出中小企业将外部资源演化成自身成长能力的分享机制、学习机制、整合机制和协同机制。逻辑上,分享机制和协同机制重在对外部资源的合理选择,学习机制和整合机制意在生成动态创新能力,形成持续竞争优势。最后选取科技型、制造型和服务型的中小企业各一家分别对其成长过程中的外部资源利用和能力演化机制进行文本检验分析。     

Short-term Perceptions,Corporate Governance and the Management of R & D in Italian Companies

The aim of this paper was tomeasure the short-term perceptions of FinanceDirectors and how managers react to pressuresfrom the financial and corporate governancesystems in the management of R and Dexpenditure and innovation. The studyreplicates Demirag's U.K. study.Results do not support the proposition that thefinancial and governance systems behave in ashort-term manner in general. The bankingsystem in Italy tends to be neutral as regardsthe firm's decision making and management hasthe freedom to steer the firm forward in aframework of long-term profitability andgrowth. Italian firms are not perceived asbeing possible candidates for take-overoperations, which might exacerbate the problemof pressure to deliver short-term profits atthe expense of long-term R and D investments.However, in some sectors and under certain sizeand ownership structure conditions short-termpressures are felt more strongly: they aremainly science-based sectors as well as sometraditional sectors (engineering and constructions).In higher-pressured firms (HPFs) managementtends to place more emphasis on costs than onproduct innovation and is more likely to view Rand D as an overhead that has to be trimmedduring a recession. Moreover, the controlmechanisms tend toward short-term accountingmeasures. In addition, the prevalent sources ofshort-term pressures – where they are present– are interestingly different in Italy than inthe U.K.: while in the Anglo-Saxon context theyare perceived to come from the market andfinancial institutions, in Italy they areperceived to come from the firm ownersthemselves.