人工智能背景下医疗法律责任的现实困境与完善路径

医疗人工智能利用深度学习和计算机算法等现代化技术,实现辅助诊疗、医学影像、药物发掘、健康诊疗等功能,是人工智能应用最具前景的领域之一。随着人工智能技术发展,具备自主思维和决策能力的智能机器人医生等人工智能将对现有的医疗法律责任制度带来颠覆性影响。在人工智能背景下,医疗人工智能是否具有独立法律主体地位、传统的医疗过错责任归责能否适用、因果关系如何认定等成为现代民事法律责任制度的严峻挑战,也成为实践中的必答之问。因此,在借鉴欧美人工智能领域的探索经验的基础上,在当前阶段通过修正和完善我国民事法律责任制度,提出针对不同的人工智能侵权情形适用差别化归责原则,并尝试建立人工智能强制保险或储备金制度,设置人工智能监管机构及行业标准,以实现既保障患者合法公平权益,又鼓励人工智能技术有效发展之间的平衡。     

基于鱼刺图分析法的研究生导师师德师风建设研究 ——以河北工程大学为例

通过对国务院、教育部、河北省和河北工程大学出台的研究生导师立德树人与师德师风建设的系列规章制度进行研读、分析,梳理出研究生导师立德树人行为与师德师风建设的核心要素主要包括十六个维度;引入鱼刺分析图作为分析工具,将研究生导师立德树人与师德师风建设相应的十六个维度核心因素归纳整理为四大类、二十个小类因素,绘制成研究生导师立德树人与师德师风建设影响因素鱼刺分析图,给出了研究生导师立德树人与师德师风建设的影响因素一览表;结合河北工程大学实际,以研究生导师立德树人行为与师德师风建设影响因素鱼刺分析图为分析脉络,经过实地调查、走访,总结了该校研究生导师师德师风与立德树人建设所取得的成绩,发现了该校研究生导师师德师风与立德树人建设所存在问题;提出了优化研究生导师师德师风的实现路径和对策。     

互联网医疗服务法律监管研究

随着互联网技术的进步以及医疗改革的深入,互联网医疗服务成为新生业态.然而,我国互联网医疗服务法律监管体系还不够完善,缺乏统一规范的监管体系,多头监管、个人隐私隐患大、纠纷处理解决机制不健全等现实困境尚未解决,不利于互联网医疗服务行业的发展和人民群众身心健康.为解决上述问题,通过梳理发达国家的成功经验,如美国的移动医疗应用程序监管和个人隐私保护、欧盟的互联医疗数据管理、英国的行业协会监管等,结合我国现有国情,建议从完善立法体系、建设隐私保护机制、构建行业监管、明晰医疗服务主体责任等方面健全互联网医疗法律监管制度,以期推动互联网医疗服务行业发展,保障医患双方的合法权益.     

Ethno-religious groups work values and ethics: the case of Jews,Muslims and Christians in Israel

This study examines and compares, for the first time, the MOW (Meaning of Work) among Jews and Arabs (Muslims and Christians) in Israel and attempts to explain the similarities and the differences in work ethics among these ethno-religious groups. The MOW questionnaire was conducted on 898 Jewish, 215 Muslim and 103 Christian respondents who were currently working. The MOW dimensions were: economic orientation, entitlement norms, obligation norms, interpersonal relations orientation, intrinsic orientation and work centrality. The findings reveal significant differences in most of the MOW dimensions between the three religious groups. Overall, demographic factors partially explain the MOW differences. The MOW differences among the three groups can be explained mainly by cultural differences. Since there is mass Arab (Muslims and Christians) immigration from the Middle East to Europe this study provides a better understanding of their perceptions about work and their work values and ethics. The applications of the findings for organizations are discussed.     

‘We are actually,after all,just children’: caring societies and South African infantilisation of adults with intellectual disability

This article comments on infantilisation by attending to South African adult intellectual disability (ID) care through an intersubjective ethics of care lens, and shows how such an ethic can shine light on shifting our responses towards ID. Care performance data were gathered from three sources within two South African specialist ID care sites – from 10 adult residents, 16 nurses as spatiotemporal carers, and three wards as ethnographic sites. Deeply embedded and interwoven throughout various care practices is the disabling of adults with intellectual impairment when literally referred to as ‘children’. These adult-unmaking processes constitute practices that fall short of Tronto and Kittay’s caring societies ethic. Care exchanges generate relational and intersubjective spaces in which people are understood as never meeting full criteria for personhood. Infantilising care dynamics require urgent attention if we wish to change ways in which ID is viewed and responded to in South Africa.     

论新型农村合作医疗制度的城乡统筹——以杭州为例

2003年新型农村合作医疗制度试点实施以来,杭州试图让农民和城镇非从业人员根据自身实际情况灵活选择不同的医疗保险项目、定点医院,并逐步提高筹资水平,报销和补偿水平。通过分析杭州新农合实施过程、运作逻辑,从制度供给的公平性、可及性和合理性出发,认为新型农村合作医疗制度可以实现有差别统一的城乡统筹。     

The Tibetan Concept of Ethics and Morality in Daofu County of Sichuan

The concept of ethics and morality is a cultural phenomenon which penetrates the dai-ly life of every ethnic group .It has a wide and pro-found influence on standardizing people's behavior, their judgm...     

“根”文化背景下的人性呼唤——以小说《春去春来》为例

文化作为一个民族或者一个团体的生活方式,应该有共同遵守的价值标准。在中国,道德根文化影响着民族的生活方式。路一凡生活在特定的环境中,受到道德根文化的熏染,具有君子之德。他性格的形成具有两方面的原因:周围智者的教化,秀美山水的滋养。由此造就了他肉身欲求与精神欲求和谐一体的美,锤炼了他的文化自信。     

浅论当代中国家庭伦理的构建——基于中西方个人与家庭伦理观的对比

中西方有着迥异不同的家族历史与家庭伦理,这极大地影响了中西方现代人的思维方式与生活方式,尤其对人的个体观念、团体观念产生了一种决定性的作用。文章简略对比中西方家族制的历史、家族伦理的显著差异,以及家族文化对当代中国家庭伦理构建的深刻影响,对我们扬弃中西方的个人、家庭伦理观,处理好个人的自由与对家庭的责任关系有一定的启示意义。     

育人为本理念下高校辅导员职业道德评价

"立德树人"是高校辅导员的育人理念,揭示了高校辅导员职业道德建设的重要性。目前我国高校尚未建立一套辅导员职业道德评价体系,这种状况必将导致辅导员道德的职能和作用发挥失常,进而会使师德失去意义并变成无生命力的东西。因此,构建辅导员的职业道德评价体系迫在眉睫,应该从树立育人为本的教育理念、把握正确的价值取向、运用多元化的评价方式、建立职业道德评价的考评激励制度、规范职业道德评价的网络准入机制、构建"双能型"职业道德评价模式、发挥校本文化的职业道德评价功能等方面来构建高校辅导员职业道德评价体系。