基于结构方程的基层\r\n医疗机构患者满意度研究

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高校人事工作中引入ISO 9000质量管理体系初探

ISO 9000质量管理体系为解决目前高校人事工作质量管理方面的问题提供了新的模板。介绍ISO 9000质量管理体系的概况,并从可行性和必要性两个角度分析了高校人事工作中引入ISO 9000质量管理体系的意义。     

Designing Graphs that Promote Both Risk Understanding and Behavior Change

Graphs show promise for improving communications about different types of risks, including health risks, financial risks, and climate risks. However, graph designs that are effective at meeting one important risk communication goal (promoting risk‐avoidant behaviors) can at the same time compromise another key goal (improving risk understanding). We developed and tested simple bar graphs aimed at accomplishing these two goals simultaneously. We manipulated two design features in graphs, namely, whether graphs depicted the number of people affected by a risk and those at risk of harm (“foreground+background”) versus only those affected (“foreground‐only”), and the presence versus absence of simple numerical labels above bars. Foreground‐only displays were associated with larger risk perceptions and risk‐avoidant behavior (i.e., willingness to take a drug for heart attack prevention) than foreground+background displays, regardless of the presence of labels. Foreground‐only graphs also hindered risk understanding when labels were not present. However, the presence of labels significantly improved understanding, eliminating the detrimental effect of foreground‐only displays. Labels also led to more positive user evaluations of the graphs, but did not affect risk‐avoidant behavior. Using process modeling we identified mediators (risk perceptions, understanding, user evaluations) that explained the effect of display type on risk‐avoidant behavior. Our findings contribute new evidence to the graph design literature: unlike what was previously feared, we demonstrate that it is possible to design foreground‐only graphs that promote intentions for behavior change without a detrimental effect on risk understanding. Implications for the design of graphical risk communications and decision support are discussed.     

Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing,Decision Making,and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study

Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information.     

独立院校医学生人文素质教育分析与对策研究

人文素质教育对于医学生的培养不容忽视。由于我国现行医学生选拔和培养模式、独立院校校园文化薄弱和“三本”学生自身特点等因素影响,独立院校医学生人文素质教育有待加强。独立医学院校应从深化教学改革、提高师资力量、建设校园文化、增强临床教学等四方面入手,努力提高医学生人文素养,不仅有利于医学生的成长成才,也有利于缓和当前的医患矛盾,更有助于推动医疗卫生事业的和谐发展。     

校园德育环境的构建与人才培养

校园德育环境的构建与实施对人才培养具有重要的意义.校园德育环境包括隐性德育环境和显性德育环境,人才培养的导向受不同校园环境的制约和影响,校园德育环境具有普遍性、整体性与统一性、个体实践性、开放性与发展性、有效性与个体主体的能动性、以隐性校园德育环境的构建与显性校园德育环境的构建的统一性等特点.     

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医疗消费是一个倍受大众关注的特殊的社会行为 ,关于如何正确认识与看待这一问题 ,理论界尚未展开更深入的研究。为此 ,从经济学的角度来探讨医疗消费这个关系到每个人切身利益的问题 ,并浅析公费医疗在市场经济条件下的不合理性 ,是十分必要的。     

医学人文教育与高等中医药人才培养

高等中医药人才培养必须坚持医学科学精神与医学人文精神的统一,实现医学人才医学技术与人文关怀的协调发展。中医人文教育既是医学模式发展的根本要求,也是增进医患互信、构建和谐医患关系的需要。中医人文教育必须以培养高等中医人才为核心,遵循中医人才成长规律,体现人文教育与政治教育、人文精神与科学精神、文化传承与借鉴创新的高度统一,全面提升中医大学生的人文素养。     

对我国新型农村合作医疗筹资问题的几点探讨

建立和完善新型农村合作医疗制度应不断探索和创新多元化的新型农村合作医疗筹资渠道,以稳定合作医疗的资金来源;根据不同地区、不同农民的实际收入水平和医疗消费需求状况,探索多层次的新型农村合作医疗筹资和补偿标准;根据我国农民个人及地方政府的投资心理、消费心理,建立自上而下的筹资顺序;结合我国农村实际,不断探索多种简便的、快捷的、农民愿意接受的筹资方式;将农民自愿筹资原则与适度强制筹资原则结合起来,以确保新型农村合作医疗制度的较高覆盖率。     

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医疗保险制度是构成中国社会保险制度的重要内容,关系到每个公民的切身利益。近年来,中国建立并逐步完善了城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗三大医疗保险制度,相对健全的医疗保障体系有效地缓解了看病难、看病贵的难题,切实减轻了患者的医疗费用负担,缓和了日趋紧张的医患矛盾,促进了社会的稳定与和谐。当前中国基本医疗保险制度实行属地化管理,而中国异地就医现象已经越来越普遍,异地就医产生的医疗费用逐年递增,患者异地就医需求与属地化管理政策之间存在一定的冲突,产生诸如异地就医报销难等问题。通过对中国异地就医政策现状进行分析与调查研究,我们发现,中国异地就医当前面临若干困境,异地就医费用报销难问题异常突出。在回顾与梳理2009年至今国家出台的相关政策及学者研究成果的基础上,借鉴欧盟异地就医的相关理论与实践,可对优化中国异地就医政策提出新的政策性思考。