西部地区新型农村合作医疗个人筹资方式比较及选择

探索高效、快捷的个人筹资方式是解决新型农村合作医疗筹资难的关键所在。目前新农合筹资方式尽管多样化,但西部地区新农合个人筹资方式主要是“上门收取”方式。在新农合进入全面覆盖的阶段,西部地区在个人筹资方式的选择上应本着人性化、多样化、高效化、便利化等原则。     

城乡医疗保障制度一体化研究

公平和正义是社会保障制度价值的核心理念,也是衡量一个国家或地区社会保障制度能否充分和真正发挥作用的重要衡量因素。在新医改背景下,"人人公平享有健康保障"成为医疗保障制度建设进程中的一个重要目标,而推动城乡医疗保障制度一体化,进而实现三项医保制度整合衔接是实现这一目标的途径。下一步要重点完善社会医疗保障制度的运行环境;努力保障流动参保人员的就医权益,完善基本医疗保险关系转移接续;整合经办资源,强化管理体制统一化;确定合理的筹资补偿机制,强化财政补贴机制。     

我国公共医疗卫生服务定价机理与价值补偿研究——基于供需双方价值补偿的视角

我国公共医疗卫生服务供给遵循市场价格机制与契约治理规则,整个供给流程存在产权委托代理链和价值补偿链。资金流包括卫生费用筹集和医疗服务消费价值补偿两个方向,需方医疗卫生总费用由政府公利、社会共济和个人付费的多元分摊机制承担;医疗机构等供方通过财政补助和医疗服务事业收入获得成本补偿和合理收益。在医疗保险等第三方偿付机构的介入下,多方利益主体之间的博弈带来“公域”部门道德风险和“私域”部门市场失灵问题,其激励源于行政分权和财政分权改革。规范各参与主体的效用目标,加强监管,整合城乡医疗保障制度,对提高医疗服务利用率、增进社会公平有积极意义。     

Rubella Susceptibility and Immunization in a University Population: Experience,Strategy, and Policy

Abstract

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, rubella continues to occur in the United States. In recent years 70% of all cases have occurred in college aged individuals. Since 1978 the University of Rochester has required all entering students to have either rubella immunization or rubella serology. Compliance with this requirement has been excellent and has resulted in an increase in the rubella immunization rate from 52% to 71 %. Of those obtaining serology, the overall susceptibility rate (HI titer < 1:16) was 18%. Less than half of susceptible women accepted immunization, and few susceptible men sought immunization. College entry is a logical time to define an individual's rubella status.     

Effects of Aerobic Training on Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptomatology in College Females

Abstract

“Single-Dose Therapy for Cystitis in Women: A Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin, and Cyclacillin,” Thomas M. Hooton et al. We evaluated single-dose regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin as treatment for acute cystitis in 38 women. The trial was prematurely stopped because of frequent treatment failures. At two days after treatment, all 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured, while four (31%) of the 13 given amoxicillin and four (33%) of 12 given cyclacillin had persistent bacteriuria. At two weeks, 11 (85%) of 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, six (50%) of 12 given amoxicillin, and three (30%) of ten given cyclacillin were cured. One patient with positive results of antibody-coated bacteria testing who was treated with cyclacillin had signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis three days after treatment, and two patients treated with amoxicillin and one treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole converted antibody-coated bacteria test results from negative to positive after therapy. We conclude that single-dose treatment of cystitis in unselected women with cyclacillin and amoxicillin may result in low cure rates and that progression to acute pyelonephritis may occur following ineffective single-dose therapy. (Journal of the American Medical Association 1985;253:387-390.)     

The Boric Acid Powder Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Abstract

This double blind comparison of fourteen daily intravaginal gelatin capsules containing 600 mg of boric acid powder versus identical capsules containing 100,000 units of nystatin diluted to volume with cornstarch found vulvovaginal candidiasis albicans cure rates for boric acid to be 92% seven to ten days after treatment and 72% at thirty days, whereas the nystatin cure rates were 64% at seven to ten days and 53% at thirty days. Speed of alleviation of signs and sumptoms was similar with both drugs. There were no untoward side effects, and cervical cytology was not affected. In vitro studies found boric acid to be fungistatic and its effectiveness to be unrelated to pH. Blood boron analyses indicated little absorption from the vagina and a half life of less than 12 hours. A 30% follow-up of 2,030 nonstudy patients revealed wet mount and symptom cure rates of 93% within two weeks and 88% within four weeks. Patient acceptance was better than with “messy” vaginal creams, and self-made boric acid powder capsules are inexpensive, 31¢ for fourteen, compared with costly, commonly prescribed medication.     

电子病历在医院应用中的几个问题简析

计算机技术和网络技术的不断发展,使得电子病历在医院得到了广泛的应用。但是在应用中还存在诸如法律证据、数据标准、安全与隐私保护、海量存储和人员素质等问题。因此,健全法律法规、统一数据标准、选择合适的存储技术、开发安全及隐私保护技术、加快人才培养成为了当前推广电子病历所应采取的主要措施。电子病历作为医院数字化系统发展的方向无疑将稳定得到推进。     

健康管理：医疗保险发展的助推器

我国医疗保险提高整体保障水平,受到人口老龄化进程加快、慢性病呈高发态势和商业健康保险低水平发展的制约。健康管理是应对这些问题的有效之策,它可以控制医疗保险基金支出,提高商业健康保险机构的市场竞争力,降低商业健康保险机构的运营风险。允许医疗保险机构使用城乡居民健康档案信息是健康管理在医疗保险中得以应用的基础。社会医疗保险中应用健康管理可以从对参保（合）人员定期体检人手以对疾病早发现早干预,将慢性病患者的治疗和基层卫生服务相结合来开展,同时由基层卫生服务机构有针对性地开展健康教育和健康干预;商业健康保险中应用健康管理,除“外包模式”外,亟待相关部门出台实施细则以推动“自营模式”和“共建模式”。     

高等农业院校人才培养中师德建设路径

高等农业院校作为高等教育的一个重要组成部分,在全面贯彻落实国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要、提升高等教育质量的新形势下,必须立足行业特点,根据思想政治理论课教师、基础课专业课教师、辅导员班主任以及党政管理干部“四支”队伍对培养人才作用方式的差别,突出政治性,增强思想政治理论课教师理论修养;突出使命感,增强基础课专业课教师教书育人意识;突出责任感,增强辅导员班主任导师意识;突出示范性,加强管理干部作风建设,以此切实增强师德建设实效性,为培养高素质农业人才提供重要的组织保证.     

应用型人才培养模式下的蒙古语授课大学英语听说教学

人才培养模式探索是高校工作的重点之一。各高校都在摸索寻求适合自己学校办学特色的人才培养模式,并以此作为教学指导原则,力争突破原有的人才培养模式,培养出符合时代需求的应用型人才。在本文中,作者从蒙古语授课大学英语听说教学入手,探索应用型人才培养模式对新升本科院校蒙古语授课大学英语教学的影响,以此来提高蒙古语授课大学英语教学质量,最后达到培养优秀的应用型人才目的。