新闻职业伦理视野中的“车马费”探析

作为媒体业潜规则的“车马费”,本质是记者对自己所掌控的话语权资源进行的一种利益交换。这种话语资源并非私人资源,资源交换所获取的利益,事实上却成为一种私人利益。从职业伦理的角度来看,“车马费”的收受,就是一种将公共资源化为私人资源谋取个人利益的行为,从而导致公共资源的消耗和公共利益的损失———即新闻中公正立场和真实性价值的消解。因此,必须重建职业伦理规范,通过媒体与记者的双重自律以及社会系统的多重制衡机制,解决这种群体性的职业失范问题。     

Inviting the Breach: Confronting Homophobia in the Name of Social Justice

In 2008 California was divided over Proposition 8, a measure designed to prohibit same-sex marriage. In this article, we focus on a university classroom setting to explore how discussions about Proposition 8 and homophobia led to what Turner (1986) termed a social drama. Drawing on student personal narratives as they moved through the stages of social drama, we provide a poignant example of the conflict that may erupt when homophobia and heteronormativity are part of the curriculum. After documenting the social drama, we offer pedagogical strategies and note the strategic ways Christian, hegemonic discourse is utilized during discussions about homophobia.     

Amalgame et construction de l'Autre. Amalgame envers les minorités nationales et les minorités immigrées

Is it legitimate to establish a similarity of situation between migrants, and their descendants, and national minorities in a national territory, whether ethnic, cultural or religious? Both populations seem to be perceived in a comparable way by the majorities in power though they themselves may be plural in their composition. Accordingly some nation states create categories among the population, while others consider the law as universal for all. However, similar attitudes towards the other are developing based on psychological traits and with a socio-economic basis more often than not for political reasons. The ‘amalgam’ towards the Other depends on the meeting spot where real and forged identities meet. In the field there also function various levels of increasing mutual corresponding exclusions/rejections. Political utilitarianism is most clever in exploiting ‘amalgam’ to meet its own rallying views, the most obvious aspect being religious, whether openly developed or not. In spite of the clear danger of connecting worldwide places, a transverse study would enable one to bring into perspective similar phenomena all the more within their linkages.     

The deteriorating work-related well-being among statutory social workers in a rigorous economic context

This article examines the connection between economic pressures and impaired well-being at work experienced by Finnish statutory social workers. The survey data were collected during the years 2011–2012. The respondents (N = 817) were social workers in statutory social services. The overall response rate was 46.5 and nearly 60% of all Finnish municipalities participated in the study. This study affirms the worrying state of the well-being at work of statutory social workers. Up to 43% of the respondents reported worsening of their work-related well-being during the past two years. On average, they had experienced impaired work-related well-being at least once a month. Nearly 18% reported experiencing this at least a few times a week or even daily. According to the respondents, economic pressures had increased while the opportunities to practice ethically responsible social work had decreased. Increasing demands for efficiency predicted not only impaired work-related well-being directly, but also through decreasing opportunities to do ethically responsible social work. The role of the budget constraints in predicting impaired well-being became meaningful when these constraints were connected to decreasing opportunities to do ethically responsible social work.     

Custody Evaluations: Ethics in Training Evaluators

Little has been written addressing ethical considerations in the training of custody evaluators and mediators. This article summarizes the ethical principles involved in training new evaluators and in providing ongoing training to experienced evaluators. Model programs for both types of training are presented.     

Creating caring institutions for community informatics

This paper explores the potential affordances of applying a feminist ethics of care approach to community informatics practices in public internet access facilities. As feminist technology scholars have long observed, technology and technoculture are strongly encoded as masculine, privileging traits such as scientific knowledge, rationality, objectivity, and distance. These characteristics are expressed in traditional infomediary practices in a variety of ways, including notions of expertise, ways of conceptualizing technology, emphasis on skills attainment, and deficit-based models of user behavior. In contrast, ethics of care emphasizes the importance of relational and situated knowledge, pluralistic voices and experiences, and relationships bound by mutual interdependence. Traditionally, caring has been feminized and thus necessarily excluded from technoculture and relegated to invisible and unpaid labor. Caring and associated affective labor practices remain an under-examined subject in infomediary practices. Public libraries and community technology centers are logical places to explore for care work, given that they share many characteristics of the spaces where care work has historically been performed. We argue that an ethics of care framework has several possible affordances for infomediary practices in these institutions, including highlighting the gendered power dynamics that define and shape existing practices; distributing care work and making existing care work visible; and envisioning a more holistic and ethical approach to engaging diverse publics. We translate Tronto’s seven warning signs for ‘bad care’ in institutions into seven positive guidelines for providing ‘good care’ in public internet access facilities, then contextualize these for community informatics institutions and practices.     

Qualitative Evaluation Methods in Ethics Education: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Best Practices

Although qualitative research offers some unique advantages over quantitative research, qualitative methods are rarely employed in the evaluation of ethics education programs and are often criticized for a lack of rigor. This systematic review investigated the use of qualitative methods in studies of ethics education. Following a review of the literature in which 24 studies were identified, each study was coded based on 16 best practices characteristics in qualitative research. General thematic analysis and grounded theory were found to be the dominant approaches used. Researchers are effectively executing a number of best practices, such as using direct data sources, structured data collection instruments, non-leading questioning, and expert raters. However, other best practices were rarely present in the courses reviewed, such as collecting data using multiple sources, methods, raters, and timepoints, evaluating reliability, and employing triangulation analyses to assess convergence. Recommendations are presented for improving future qualitative research studies in ethics education.     

Sharing personal information in the child protection context: Impediments in the Australian legal framework

Professionals, including social workers, in the child protection context are frequently required to make decisions on whether to share sensitive personal information about children, their families, and others with colleagues and across institutional and jurisdictional boundaries. Sharing information across agencies and organisations is essential to allow joined‐up service provision and to effectively protect and support children and their families. A legal framework that supports this decision making is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for effective information sharing. This article examines the complex legal framework that governs information sharing across the Australian states and territories. It identifies a number of structural and regulatory elements that unnecessarily limit information sharing or have a tendency to create a culture that is risk averse, rather than proactive, in sharing information. The article suggests structural and regulatory reforms that would improve the legal framework for sharing information, while at the same time giving due recognition to the human rights that come into tension in this policy context: the right to privacy and the rights of the child.     

人学之维中个体美德伦理之化育路径

当今多元的文化与价值构筑起时代精神状况深蕴的语境背景,其真实的原像是人文价值、社会空间场域、资本逻辑交互存在场景中,人的存在样态通道的求索与指认。历史、空间、人机缘式交汇的相遇成为伦理样态化育的全新地平线,人以开放曲式向历史播撒着伦理的样态。历史凝结的伦理智慧始终是以累进性攀升的方式同时代景观场域交融,真实的伦理样态就是在各种场域的交叠共融中养育的,同时以特有的伦理景观呈现给社会。     

欧洲中世纪大学特质解读及启示：校舍演变的视角

欧洲中世纪大学是现代大学的源头,多方位地考察欧洲中世纪大学及其特质可以为现代大学更好地体察大学传统与凝炼特色提供有益参照。文章以中世纪大学校舍建筑演变情况为视角,分析了中世纪大学形成自己的本质特征的过程,即大学的国际化与特权化,大学的宗教化与学院化,及由此带来的启示。