分权制衡理论的发展脉络及其理论内核

分权制衡是西方政治学的重要理论,是“三权分立”思想的基础。分权制衡的思想在基督教义中就有体现,柏拉图、亚里士多德等人提出的古代混合政体理论也提出了分权思想,并且出现了三权分立的雏形,而中世纪的最大贡献则是立法权从王权和教权中分立出来。分权制衡思想的成熟分为两个阶段：即侧重于理论的启蒙思想发展阶段和在美国建国实践中完善的阶段。分权制衡理论基于对人性的一种悲观评价,是对人民主权理论所带来的“多数人的暴政”的一种限制和预防,是法治对人治的驱逐。     

Short- and long-term effects of divorce and separation on housing tenure in England and Wales

This paper investigates the effects of marital and non-marital separation on individuals’ housing tenure in England and Wales. We apply competing risks event history models to data from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to analyse the risk of a residential move to different tenure types, for single, married, cohabiting, and separated men and women. Separated individuals are more likely to move and experience a tenure change than those who are single or in a relationship. Among separated people, private renting is the most common outcome of a move; however, women are also likely to move to social renting, whereas men tend to move to homeownership. This pattern persists when we account for time since separation and order of move, indicating a potential long-term effect of separation on housing tenure. This long-term effect is especially pertinent to separated women who cannot afford homeownership.     

经济体制转型时期政企分开与政府职能转变的思考

经济体制转型时期，政企分开与政府职能的转变具有密切的关系。两者不仅经历了在实践中逐步探索、逐步明确的历史发展过程，而且成为当前急需解决的紧迫任务。政府及其职能部门要适应角色转换的要求，建立和完善以间接手段为主的宏观调控体系。     

细胞膜渗透性实验的改进

对高等学校教材中"细胞膜的渗透性"这一实验作了进一步改进.把红细胞置于不同摩尔浓度的NaCl和同一摩尔浓度的醇中,检测红细胞内渗透压的大小,对细胞膜在不同物质的高渗、低渗和等渗溶液中的通透性进行了探究.增加了实验的推理性,把验证性实验转变为探究性实验.     

动态膜处理污水性能的研究

研究了在陶瓷管载体内壁制成高岭土动态膜及动态膜对城市二级出水的过滤性能、动态膜的清洗和再生方法。实验中采用错流操作方式处理二级出水，结果表明，涂膜液中高岭土质量浓度在0.3～0．7g／L、涂制时间在10～37min时，成膜的水处理性能差别不大；跨膜压差对过滤有一定影响，当0．1～0．3MPa时，滤出液通量基本相同，但明显低于0．4MPa时滤出液通量；错流速度对过滤影响显著，速度愈大则滤出液通量愈大，错流速度在1～2m／s时出水通量比较稳定，动态膜对浊度的去除率基本上为100％，对COD（化学需氧量）去除率约为40％。     

隔离墙及其影响

以色列修建隔离墙一事一直受到世人关注，看法也各不相同。然而，究竟什么是隔离墙?隔离墙的影响有那些?如何看待以单方面修建隔离墙呢?     

对北京外来工的权利保护研究

本文通过对北京外来工遭遇的超时工作、拖欠工资、歧视、人身侵犯、辱骂、财物欺诈等侵权现象的实证研究,指出目前外来工权利受侵犯现象严重;虽然外来工对权益的自我保护意识不弱,但因为救济手段不足,目前外来工权利保护状况很差,侵权救济不充分;外来工社会权利保护不利的深层原因在于城乡分离的社会体制。     

Beyond the nature/society divide: Learning to think about a mountain

Sociological efforts to understand environment-society relationships fall primarily into four conceptual categories. The first three, involving analytical separation, analytical primacy, and balanced dualism, all draw distinctions between biophysical and social aspects of human experience, with subsequent analyses being based on thesea priori distinctions. The fourth or constructivist approach questions this naturalized dichotomy, calling attention instead to mutual contingency or conjoint constitution: What we take to be physical facts are likely to be strongly shaped by social construction processes, and at the same time, what we take to be strictly social will often have been shaped in part by taken-for-granted realities of the physical world. Technology offers important opportunities for tracing these interconnections, being an embodiment of both the physical and the social. The point is illustrated with a long-term historical analysis of a specific physiographic feature—a mountain—that has undergone little overtphysical change over the centuries, but has undergone repeated changes in its social meanings and uses. Few of the changes would have been possible in the absence of the mountain's physiographic characteristics; similarly, few would have occurred in the absence of changing sociocultural definitions and possibilities. The challenge for sociology is not just to recognize the importance of both the physical and the social factors, and certainly not to argue over the relative importance of the two, but to recognize the extent to which what we take to be physical and social factors can be conjointly constituted.The paper's subtitle is intended as a tribute to Aldo Leopold and to one of his most famous essays (1949).     

Using the Therapeutic Relationship to Promote an Internal Locus of Control in Elderly Mental Health Clients

Seniors who feel powerless to effect change on their environment or who feel that their lives are controlled by external circumstances are said to have an external locus of control. This may adversely affect commitment to and participation in mental health treatment. This article presents the conce t of using the therapeutic relationship to encourage internal contro f' beliefs in elderly mental health clients, with the goal of promoting personal empowerment and improving the efficacy of therapy. Included is a review of litera- ture relevant to aging and locus of control. The develoament of an external locus of conbol is explained by the theories of self psychol- ogy and the social breakdown syndrome.     

从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度

魏晋南北朝以来的“官吏分途”是中国官僚体制的重大制度变迁,本文从这一角度出发,审视当代中国官员的空间流动状况,提出以“官吏相对谱系”为特点的“层级分流”模式。文章从周雪光的“帝国逻辑”分析框架出发,借用史学研究和社会科学理论来认识和解释人事制度安排与帝国治理逻辑之间的关系。文章认为,从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”,这一人事制度造成了官僚体制的二元结构及其迥然不同的职业生涯、激励设置和利益群体,为中国官僚体制的运作打上了鲜明烙印。本文充实和扩展了“帝国逻辑”的理论思路。