Organizational characteristics that foster early adoption of cultural and linguistic competence in outpatient substance abuse treatment in the United States

Recent years have seen an increased interest in developing culturally and linguistically responsive systems of care in substance abuse treatment in the United States. This study examines the extent to which external and internal organizational pressures contributed to the degree of adoption of culturally and linguistically responsive practices in the nation's outpatient substance abuse treatment system early in the period of development of this system of care. Findings show that a higher degree of adoption of culturally competent practices was most likely in treatment programs with high dependence on external funding and regulation. Internally, programs with a larger number of professionals were associated with the lowest degree of adoption, while managers’ cultural sensitivity contributed significantly to a high degree of adoption of these responsive practices. Considering the passage of recent legislation enforcing the use of cultural and linguistic competence in health care, implications of these baseline findings on early adoption patterns are discussed for future research and health care policy evaluation.     

高职高专学生金工实习模式的探索与实践

金工实习是高职高专学生实现理论知识与实践过程相结合的重要途径,对学生树立正确的就业观,掌握职业技能至关重要。以行为导向教育思想为基础,探讨了高职高专学生体验真实工程过程,获取真实职业能力的金工实习模式,以真正培养出既有理论基础更有实践能力的高技能人才。     

From these roots: The role of historically Black colleges and universities in preparing the nation’s gerontologists for an aging society

ABSTRACT

The aging of the United States population is creating an increased need for social workers and other helping professionals with training in gerontology. Recent estimates indicate that less than 3% of MSW students are enrolled in an aging concentration, as compared to 19% enrolled in children/youth concentrations. In addition, the phenomenon of a diverse baby boomer generation joining the ranks of persons age 65 and older has created a plethora of scholarship and curriculum development aimed at readying the aging network for the unprecedented growth of older persons. Social work can make unique professional contributions to the field of gerontology and older persons. This study asserts, however, that social work is not adequately prepared to practice in an increasingly diverse aging society. The social work profession has articulated commitments to acknowledging and affirming how diversity and culture shape the human experience and to developing social workers who can competently engage in research-informed practice and practice-informed research. However, there remains a need in social work education for more widespread use of culturally relevant pedagogies that can help achieve these goals. Informed by both the Afrocentric and Black perspectives, this study presents a content analysis of the curricula infused at two historically Black universities. The nature and extent of the contributions of historically Black universities to social work education is the focus of this article. The scope of this investigation also includes the identification of prominent Black social work educators and discusses the implications of these perspectives for more culturally informed gerontology curricula that promote culturally competent gerontological social workers.     

Reflections on International Certified Nursing Assistants

The author, a former university faculty member who taught English to speakers of other languages and now a nursing home resident, shares her observations about how English language proficiency, culture, and religious differences affect her care. She provides examples of communication challenges that can be annoying or cause harm, her coping strategies, and reasons many certified nursing assistants might never be fully fluent in English. She explains how international certified nursing assistants can benefit residents because of skills developed by family-centered care in their countries of origin. She also discusses related issues—the importance of being culturally competent about U.S. culture. She points out how religiousness not only affects residents but is a buffer for staff against the stress of physically and emotionally demanding low-wage work. Overall, the author likes receiving care from individuals from other countries, finding reward in comparing how her personal struggle with illness and paralysis resonates with the trauma of migration and how learning firsthand about varying beliefs and attitudes clarifies her identity and place in world history.     

Special education disproportionality in the United States,Germany, Kenya,and India

Disproportionality in special education includes the underrepresentation and overrepresentation of children by gender, economic status, race, ethnicity, language, and culture. This article reviews literature on disproportionality in the United States, Germany, Kenya, and India. Societal views of disability, classism, racism, and inequitable assessment are among the factors that contribute to disproportionality. Preventative medicine, equitable access to resources, ethical and effective assessment procedures, and educational practices that are gender equitable and culturally responsive may reduce the problem of disproportionality.     

提升行业特色型大学核心竞争力的思考

建国初期,国家通过大规模院系调整成立的一批行业特色型大学在推动中国工业化进程中发挥了不可替代的作用;高等教育管理体制改革后行业特色型大学不再归属原行业部门管理,其发展面临新的问题。首先阐述了大学核心竞争力的内涵,分析了行业特色型大学发展的优势及面临的困境;然后提出了培育和提升行业特色型人学核心竞争力的措施,可供同类高校参考。     

论大学英语教学中交际能力的培养

一直以来,国内英语界将"英国英语"或者"美国英语"视为标准英语。这种观念也深深植根于大学英语教师之中,并由教师在课堂教学中灌输给了学生。在这种观念影响之下,大学教师及大学学生无一例外,都将"英国英语"或"美国英语"视为正统,低估甚至歧视各种英语变体的存在,"China English"就是一个例子。笔者认为,恰恰就是这种旧观念极大地影响了大学英语教学中学生交际能力的培养。英语实际上是一门国际语言,应当作为跨国及跨文化交流的共通语,随着越来越多的人开始认识并逐步接受这一新观念,大学英语教学对学生交际能力培养效率低下这一尴尬现状有了改观的可能。     

注重语篇翻译教学培养学生的翻译能力

本文在区分翻译教学与教学翻译以及职业翻译培训的基础上,指出我国高校英语专业高年级的翻译教学应加强语篇层次的翻译教学,让学生懂得翻译是正确理解语篇的整体意义,然后用译入语的恰当的表达形式忠实通顺地传达给读者,培养学生语篇层次上的语际转换能力。     

关于我国培育知识竞争力的思考

知识经济时代,决定一个国家比较优势与竞争优势的是知识竞争力。我国在知识竞争力方面与发达国家存在着很大差距,因此必须注重培育知识的生产、传播和应用能力,加强知识创新与技术创新能力,加快高新技术产业发展,从而推动知识经济发展,实现可持续性经济增长。