政府机构改革中的“怪圈”探析——兼议完善大部制改革的方向

从我国政府机构改革发展历程看,政府机构及人员"精简—膨胀—再精简—再膨胀""怪圈"存在具有客观必然性,当前的大部制改革在具有合理性的同时,也存在局限性。因此,政府治理与改革不能以简单的机构增减论成败,而要以能否准确及时回应生产力发展和社会需求为准则,不断调整、完善和优化政府职能,以控制人均行政成本为中心,完善监督机制,实现"市场—政府"的动态平衡和"小政府、大社会"的善治模式,从而延长"怪圈"循环周期,直至走出怪圈。     

Living Lab 创新方法在网络课程建设中的应用

Livingb Lab作为一种创新方法已经在很多国家不同的领域开展了诸多的研究和应用,并取得了较大的成功。本研究利用Living Lab理念进行网络课程建设体系的创新,旨在探讨Living Lab在不同领域应用的理论和方法的适用性和特殊性;通过对网络课程建设中存在问题的分析,提出了课程建设中的CIC模型;通过分析课程建设生命周期不同阶段用户参与的贡献与作用,建构了利用Living Lab理念建立开放式的课程建设模式。本研究将Living Lab创新方法的研究应用于网络教育特定领域,以优化课程服务的生命周期为着眼点实现对课程建设效率的提升,这对探索网络教育持续发展的创新方法有着重要意义。     

论尼采的政治哲学

弗里德里希·威廉·尼采 ( Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche,公元 1 844— 1 90 0年 )是德国由自由资本主义向帝国主义过渡时期最敏锐地反映资产阶级要求的哲学家和政治思想家。他的政治哲学形成于 1 9世纪 70— 80年代。他从当时德国资产阶级实际发展的状况出发 ,宣称要摧毁“一切旧的价值体系”,并重新估价一切价值 ,创立以“权力意志”论为基础 ,以“超人”学说为核心的强者的价值体系。尼采的政治哲学就是建立在这种价值体系之上的 ,具有浓重时代气息的社会政治思潮 ,对当时德国资本主义的发展产生了重要影响     

基于生命周期视角的企业社会责任研究

随着经济全球化的发展,企业财务绩效与企业社会责任承担的关系引起众多学者的关注,由于各自研究的侧重点以及选取的指标不同,所得到的结论也不尽一致.企业生命周期理论是近年来流行的一种管理理论,社会责任的内在要求正好给企业提供了跨越生命周期陷阱的价值观基础.对处于生命周期中不同阶段的企业,应根据不同的社会责任指标来进行研究和评价,即强调企业合理承担社会责任的边界能力.只有这样.才能构建比较合理的企业社会责任评价体系.     

T—S图上任意循环的卡诺循环分解

本文用T－S图代替了常用的P－V图，用直观易画的台阶形代替了锯齿形，避免了因分解不同而引出的不统一的看法，并且给出了一个形象、直观、准确无误、易于接受的分析及解答。     

解释学诗学与当代批评理论

在依托现象学思想发展起来的解释学方法与当代批评理论间 ,存在着一种互动关系。一方面作为“澄清的艺术”的解释学 ,需要在文学批评实践里得到验证 ;另一方面当代批评理论需要借助解释学提供的哲学基础确立生长点。不仅解释学对意义的生存论反思取代关于意义的认识论自审 ,对于文学批评实践具有举足轻重的作用 ;而且对于当代批评理论来说 ,如何从“说不可说”这一“解释学危机”中作出突围以实现“超语境理解” ,是其能否有效的关键。     

从自组织观看品牌、市场、资产的良性互动--TCL集团品牌、市场、资产良性互动的启示

任何一个处于开放状态的企业都是一个自组织系统,因此其发展变化都遵循着自组织系统的演化规律。即:当系统处于开放的前提下,从外部输入的物质、能量、信息达到一定程度时,受到内外部各种"随机涨落"的作用,通过各子系统之间相互协同和竞争,才会引起系统不断地循环演化。TCL集团品牌、市场、资产三者互动的过程,为现代社会的政治、经济环境、企业提供了一个自组织的环境,使企业在现有的环境下,发挥自身的优势取得更佳的社会经济效益。     

Is there early take-off phenomenon in diffusion of IP-based telecommunications services?

Traditionally, the diffusion of telecommunications services has been considerably affected by the presence of critical mass and network externalities, and thus has shown the so-called “late take-off” phenomenon. However, as telecommunications networks evolve from circuit switching to packet switching, especially IP networks, and thus enabling diverse new services, it seems these traditional telecommunications diffusion patterns are changing. By comparing the diffusion of IP-based services with those of circuit-based services and durable goods, we have found the late take-off phenomenon is not involved in the diffusion of newly introduced IP-based services. Moreover, we concluded that the diffusion of IP-based services is much faster than that of durable goods, thus showing an “early take-off” phenomenon. Based on this empirical result, we suggest that telcos (telecommunications companies) and (ISPs) Internet service providers should pay as much attention to the growth stage as the introduction stage in their development, in order for their IP-based services to be successful in the market.     

Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: a tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment.

We employ the intake fraction (iF) as an effective tool for expressing the source-to-intake relationship for pollutant emissions in life cycle analysis (LCA) or comparative risk assessment. Intake fraction is the fraction of chemical mass emitted into the environment that eventually passes into a member of the population through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. To date, this concept has been primarily applied to pollutants whose primary route of exposure is inhalation. Here we extend the use of iF to multimedia pollutants with multiple exposure pathways. We use a level III multimedia model to calculate iF for TCDD and compare the result to one calculated from measured levels of dioxin toxic equivalents in the environment. We calculate iF for emissions to air and surface water for 308 chemicals. We correlate the primary exposure route with the magnitudes of the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow, and of the air-water partitioning coefficient (dimensionless Henry constant), Kaw. This results in value ranges of Kow and Kaw where the chemical exposure route can be classified with limited input data requirements as primarily inhalation, primarily ingestion, or multipathway. For the inhalation and ingestion dominant pollutants, we also define empirical relationships based on chemical properties for quantifying the intake fraction. The empirical relationships facilitate rapid evaluation of many chemicals in terms of the intake. By defining a theoretical upper limit for iF in a multimedia environment we find that iF calculations provide insight into the multimedia model algorithms and help identify unusual patterns of exposure and questionable exposure model results.