“双循环”格局下脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的进路研究

实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接,应准确把握“双循环”新发展格局“空间重构基础上要素组合优化和区域高质量发展”的战略要义。从减贫规律认知升华、行为外嵌转向发展自觉、资源配置优化与延续效应发挥三个层面分析脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接行为的内在逻辑,厘清“双循环”新发展格局建设对于脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接工作的机遇与挑战。提出应着力做好发展规划统筹、体制政策健全完善、产业转型升级、相对贫困治理、全域生态宜居环境创建、新时代文明实践中心高质量建设、乡村治理体系与治理能力现代化协同推进、城乡融合发展等领域工作,推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接工作及其与“双循环”新发展格局建设的良性互动。     

Can Carbon Nanomaterials Improve CZTS Photovoltaic Devices? Evaluation of Performance and Impacts Using Integrated Life‐Cycle Assessment and Decision Analysis

In emergent photovoltaics, nanoscale materials hold promise for optimizing device characteristics; however, the related impacts remain uncertain, resulting in challenges to decisions on strategic investment in technology innovation. We integrate multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and life‐cycle assessment (LCA) results (LCA‐MCDA) as a method of incorporating values of a hypothetical federal acquisition manager into the assessment of risks and benefits of emerging photovoltaic materials. Specifically, we compare adoption of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) devices with molybdenum back contacts to alternative devices employing graphite or graphene instead of molybdenum. LCA impact results are interpreted alongside benefits of substitution including cost reductions and performance improvements through application of multi‐attribute utility theory. To assess the role of uncertainty we apply Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. We find that graphene or graphite back contacts outperform molybdenum under most scenarios and assumptions. The use of decision analysis clarifies potential advantages of adopting graphite as a back contact while emphasizing the importance of mitigating conventional impacts of graphene production processes if graphene is used in emerging CZTS devices. Our research further demonstrates that a combination of LCA and MCDA increases the usability of LCA in assessing product sustainability. In particular, this approach identifies the most influential assumptions and data gaps in the analysis and the areas in which either engineering controls or further data collection may be necessary.     

Attitudes Towards Saving in Polish Society During Transformation

Since 1999 the complex reform of the old-age pension system was introduced in Poland and the process of changes is still ongoing. The multi-pillar system replaced the pay-as-you-go system. Voluntary third pillar will guarantee higher pensions for those that decide to save more. However, the systemic changes were placed in the new market economy just being implemented in Poland. New economic reality involves serial of processes influencing management of the current budget. On one hand the principles of market economy impose rigorous environment for management of the disposal income while on the other the dynamically developing market of goods, services and modern banking systems create pressure to spend. The evolution of pension system naturally poses questions concerning how the savings and saving behaviour are perceived in the Polish society during economic transformation. The results of survey conducted in the end of 2004 show that the precaution and life cycle motives of saving are observable in the Polish society but restrain seems to be marginal. In addition, attitudes towards saving are varied by some demographic and socio-economic features. These findings confirm statements referring to relation between the growth in material and social standards and acceptance of consumption style of life [i.e. Katona: 1975, Psychological Economics (Elsevier, New York); Lunt and Livingston: 1992, Mass Consumption and Personal Identity (Open University Press, Buckingham)]. Poles with higher social-economic position are rejecting self-restraint shifting towards consumerism. Nevertheless, common opinion of the respondents advocated savings is in contrary with declared avoiding restraint what is in line with other authors describing attitudes towards saving in conflict [Webley and Nyhus: 2001, Everyday representation of the Economy (WUV Universitätsverlag, Wien)].     

经济全球化下经济周期波动的新特征

经济全球化下经济周期的新特征可以概括为三点:一是经济周期波动幅度减小;二是经济周期延长;三是经济周期趋同化.当前中国刚结束的一轮经济周期也出现了新的特征:从波动性质上看,本轮是一个"增长型"周期,波动幅度大大减小;从波动的长度看,本轮周期比以往周期要长,而且是一个短扩张、长收缩的周期;此外,世界经济周期对我国经济周期的影响也不断加大.经济周期出现的新特征,需要政府对经济周期的调控作出相应的调整.     

行业生命周期与并购类型--中国公司控制权市场效率的检验

按照并购双方行业的相互关系,并购可以分为横向、纵向和混合三种类型.本文认为,处于行业生命周期不同阶段的企业采用不同并购类型的并购,其绩效也不相同.根据这一关系,可以对我国的上市公司控制权市场进行检验.通过对1999～2002年我国上市公司控制权市场298个样本的实证分析表明,中国上市公司控制权市场的效率仍然不高,并没有发挥其应有的作用.本文力图对这一现象给出解释,提出了几个可能的原因.     

生态学原理与品牌研究

在竞争的市场环境中,品牌的产生与成长涉及到品牌特质、品牌之间相互作用、品牌与环境等问题,这与生态学研究生物个体与种群和环境的关系有着内在的相似性。品牌研究的一个新方向就是基于这两个学术领域之间在原理和方法上的相互借鉴,从而引申出品牌个性、品牌生命周期、名牌生态系统、品牌生态学等富有启发性的概念,这些跨学科隐喻或类比研究,具有实践和理论的意义。     

Researches on the Distribution Domains of G(4) G(4)的分布域之研究

讨论了有固定的最大度△=4和n个顶点的一类无自环,无向、连通平面图G(△)的异构类的分布域R(v,n)(圈秩v=1---n+1)的三种情况,从而获得R(v,n)的A型、B型和C型的分布定理,并举例说明分布域在图论和碳氢化合物上的应用。     

浅谈个人投资理财

人们可以不同的形式持有其金融资产,如资本市场投资(包括公司股票、期货、国债券、企业债券、定期存款、外汇投资等)和地产市场投资,但是选择哪一个领域进行投资,必须掌握宏观动向,体察经济周期,然后再运用波段理论决定什么时间进入,什么时间退出。     

Why does onlyAthalia Japonica enter summer diapause among three sympatricAthalia sawflies feeding on crucifers?

Summary This report assesses the primary factor for the evolution of summer diapause of the three species of sawfly,Athalia japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata that feed on cruciferous plants and coexist in the same area.A. japonica has two discrete spring and autumn generations, butA. rosae andA. infumata 5–6 generations. OnlyA. japonica enters summer diapause in response to the long daylengths in spring. Although these three sawflies usually feed on the same cultivated crucifers, they differ markedly in the utilization of wild crucifers. They oviposit only on young leaves.A. japonica mainly usesCardamine plants which sprout in spring and autumn.A. rosae andA. infumata primarily use hosts with new leaves all the year round, i.e. cultivated crucifers andRorippa indica, respectively. The thermal threshold for development is lower inA. japonica than in the other two species. The low heat tolerance ofA. japonica is adapted only to cool shady habitats whereCardamine grows. Presumably, summer diapause ofA. japonica is adaptation to the deterioration of the primary host plants rather than unfavorable climatic conditions. This interpretation is supported by the movement patterns of the threeAthalia sawflies, alternative means to escape from deteriorated habitat conditions.     

单芯片智能化仪表抗干扰的新措施

介绍了ＸＪＰ－０２Ｂ数字转速显示仪所采用的新式看门狗电路，分析了常用的看门狗电路和新的看门狗电路在抗干扰方面的优缺点．应用表明，新的看门狗电路具有很强的抗干扰能力．