知识观培养:中学教育的新课题

知识观即人们对知识的看法、观念,它包括知识本质观、知识价值观、知识获得观。知识观与学习观密切相关,为学习观念之基础。知识观构成学生学习活动的内在背景,对学生学习活动有重要影响。国内外中学生知识观培养的主要途径是设置"知识论"选修课。知识观的培养策略有:传授系统而完备的知识、介绍知识研究的前沿进展、科学地进行知识教学及其评价、改善知识学习的过程等。     

Formulating the Matthew Principle: on the role of the middle classes in the welfare state

The Matthew Principle, which formulates the role of the middle classes in the welfare state, is discussed in this article. The middle classes are described as primary beneficiaries of the welfare state. This status is achieved through the ability of this social group to influence the policy-formulating process by way of six different channels of influence. It is also facilitated due to the impact of middle-class clients upon the implementation stage of social policy. A case study of employment policy in Israel illustrates the workings of different aspects of the Matthew Principle.     

The City: A Social Studies Class

Teaching for economic justice can be challenging for upper elementary and middle school teachers. Many teachers may feel uncomfortable with the subject matter and thus avoid addressing sensitive social issues related to economic/financial inequities. This article describes how selected songs and works of visual art, expressions of social protest and social commentary from past and present, can be used appropriately as starting points for introducing the concept of economic justice. By using principles and strategies of Discipline-Based Arts Education (DBAE) and employing works of art as organizing centers for instruction, potentially sensitive social issues are simultaneously personalized and depersonalized. Music and art provide a relatively safe and comfortable means for teachers to promote student awareness and sensitivity towards economic injustices. Two sample lesson plans, the first for upper elementary students and the second for middle school students, are provided and discussed.     

普通高中新课程实验中的问题及对策——甘肃省课程改革样本学校跟踪调查之一

课程改革势在必行,但在课程改革实践中产生了许多问题、困难与困惑.本项研究通过实地调研,力图较为准确地了解甘肃省普通高中新课程实验工作的现状,了解普通高中新课程实验在课程理念、课程资源、课程实施、课程评价等方面的现状、困难与困惑.通过调研,发现了一些普遍性的制约课程改革顺利进行的问题,本文梳理分析了这些问题,提出了进一步推进普通高中新课程实验的相关对策及建议.     

庄子处世观中的人生智慧

庄子身处礼崩乐坏、动荡不安的战国中期，他目睹当权者的残暴统治、老百姓的艰难生活以及人们相互间的勾心斗角，运用自己的聪明才智，为世人提出了独特的处世观，期盼人们在保全生命的基础上，实现心灵的自由飞翔。     

新建本科院校基层教学单位师资队伍建设探析

新建本科院校基层教学单位教研室对于新建本科院校落实教学任务、教学研究与改革、科研等方面起着重要的作用。教研室的师资队伍建设情况直接影响着教研室功能的发挥。对新建本科院校教研室在师资队伍建设方面存在的问题进行了探讨,并提出了自己的建议与意见,希望能对新建本科院校基层教学单位的师资队伍建设有所借鉴。     

The Influence of Race/Ethnicity and Gender on Psychological and Social Well-Being

Abstract

Psychological and social well-being was investigated, using a sample of non-disadvantaged African American men and women, and White men and women. Three standardized scales, the Generalized Contentment Scale, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Cohesion subscale of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale were used to measure well-being. The data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and regression statistical procedures.

An association between race, gender and well-being was supported. More importantly, race was found to be the most important single variable in predicting levels of well-being. These results may support the continuing significance of race in the lives of African American individuals and families.     

Size doesn't matter: The fallacy of class-differential fertility in social mobility analysis

One of the key methodological and conceptual constraints in social mobility analysis has been how to differentiate between the 'core' pattern connecting social origins and destinations, and the effect of different distributions of origins and destinations across nations and time points. Conventional sociological wisdom has held that class differentials in family size (and occupational change) impose a significant constraint on the marginal distributions in a mobility table. Due to the logic of the random sampling process, middle class fathers with smaller families are under-represented in mobility tables. It is therefore necessary to approach mobility via the randomly sampled social destinations, rather than as a process moving chronologically from origins to destinations. However, a re-working of the Nuffield Mobility Study data-set is used to show that class differentials in fertility have virtually no effect. The explanation of this surprising finding is shown to lie in class size and the actual distribution of large and small families. The finding implies that if occupational change is left as the only process modifying marginal distributions, it deserves greater attention.     

中世纪东欧大水路贸易简论

商业繁荣是中世纪社会发展的突出特征之一.中世纪商业的发展不仅打破了区域间封闭的状态,更最重要的是,它促进了地区集权政治的发展和地方经济的商品化布局,并为世界民族的不断融合提供了可能.东欧大水路贸易作为一种中世纪商业的表现形式,与当时繁荣的海路贸易形式并驾齐驱,构成北欧与西欧地区间贸易的双桥,为国际长途贸易的繁荣注入了活力,并在中世纪东欧政治、经济社会发展中发挥着重要的作用.     

变截面压杆的临界荷载计算

变截面杆件的临界载荷问题，其平衡方程为变系数微分方程，只有少部分的情况可以得到其解析解，采用改进的WBK法,计算了若干变截面压杆的临界荷载，并与有限差分法进行了对比，证实了其可靠性。