The Role of Practice in the Development of Military Masculinities

This article seeks to explore the extent to which the military rebuilds or reframes masculinities as a means of meeting the aims of the process of militarization. It focuses on the dimensions of military masculinities that can be distinguished as distinctive in practice. Drawing on Etienne Wenger's notion of communities of practice, this research asks how military men orient themselves in their social and material world, considering the role of practice in the development of military masculinities. A total of 71 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 53 male and 18 female personnel of various ranks working in the Army, Navy and Royal Air Force. Six focus groups were also carried out (with a total of 10 male and six female participants). Thematic analyses of the narratives indicated that one outcome of militarization is the construction of military masculinities. The military reframes masculinities as a means of meeting the aims of the process of militarization. Dimensions of military masculinities can be distinguished as attributes and qualities and masculinities that are distinctive to the military are constructed through military practice. A strong sense of belonging to the military community of practice is fundamental to the development of military masculinities. In order to feel that one belongs, the recognition and acceptance of others is needed. Those who share the attributes and comply with the practices peculiar to the military achieve this recognition.     

Continuity of Mental Health Care Across Military Transitions

Multiple deployments, a prominent characteristic of operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn, have been linked to increased risk for various mental health conditions. It is also well known that military transitions, such as a change of duty station or discharge, are an inevitable part of military life. While military transitions can be stressful for any service member or veteran, those with mental health conditions face additional challenges. Transition stress can exacerbate a mental health condition that in turn hinders ability to manage the transition, resulting in a cycle of stress. As a result, those receiving mental health care while transitioning often experience difficulty continuing treatment post-transition. This article describes a unique and innovative transition coaching program designed to address this emerging issue.     

Combat Social Work During the Surge in Iraq

The military has long recognized the short-term psychiatric effects of war upon soldiers, a significant factor for combat operational readiness and strength (NATO, 2008). Currently referred to as combat stress reaction or combat operational stress reaction (COSR), the condition has debilitating, immediate effects as well as long-term consequences for soldiers and military units. For the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, commanders expected psychiatric casualties rates equaling physical ones, stemming from the intensity and duration of these conflicts, nonlinear nature of the battlefields, unit morale, and soldier experiences and preparedness. For these recent wars, the concept of behavioral health, combat stress, and its military importance has dramatically changed, as have the protocols dictating the delivery of preventive and restorative combat behavioral health care. This article outlines the conceptual foundation of modern combat stress control, protocols, and the efforts of one social worker–led combat stress prevention team, forward deployed to a small base in a volatile area of Baghdad during the height of the surge in 2006–2007.     

历史、文化与中国的海军外交

海军外交指使用有限的海军力量服务于国家对外政策的行为,是各大强国武力使用的重要方式。然而中国有关军事力量和海军力量的传统文化不同于欧洲,重视非武力手段,轻视海军,并且在动用武力时要求更高的道德合法性。经过长期受侵害的近代史影响,中国改变了轻视海军的文化,但仍然坚持以道德合法性作为动用武力的前提,因而表现出与其它大国不同的行为。     

美国扩军备战的鼓吹者——伦纳德·伍德

伦纳德·伍德认为：美国必须为未来战争做好准备，实行国民经济总动员，建立公民军队、平民军事教育体系和预备役军官。他在担任总参谋长期间采取了一系列的措施：提高总参谋部的效率，改革后勤，改组国民警卫队，改革军队编制，开展“普拉茨堡运动”，颁布1916年《国防法》和《扩军法》，为美国参加第一次世界大战做好了准备。     

“9·11”事件后美国与印度尼西亚军事关系的正常化

冷战时期，美国与印度尼西亚在大部分时间里保持着密切的军事关系。1991年帝力事件后，美国政府行政部门在国会的压力下中止了对印度尼西亚的军事援助。1999年8月东帝汶公投独立后，印度尼西亚军方及其支持的民兵对东帝汶进行了攻击，美国国会对两国军事关系进一步作出限制，两国军事关系跌入低谷。“9·11”事件后，随着亚太地区安全形势及力量平衡的微妙变化，美国政府行政部门积极推动恢复两国的军事关系，在印度尼西亚有巨大利益的美国大公司和印度尼西亚政府也都积极游说美国政府行政部门和国会。这些因素促使两国军事关系实现了正常化，美国全面恢复了对印度尼西亚的军事援助。     

汉简所见西汉优抚措施

西汉的优抚措施建立在军功爵制基础上,面向全体官兵;在论功行赏的原则下,对现役军人及其家属的优抚,主要包括在给立功将士的赏赐中。政府礼葬死亡将士,抚恤其家属。戍边军人家属受到优待,有可靠充足的生活保障。西汉军功爵制有严格的等级界限,优抚措施也体现出显著的等级差别,反映了西汉社会的等级性特征。     

北宋定州军事特质农业发展管窥

定州在宋代政治军事中有着重要的地位.军事的作用对定州农业经济的影响很大,使之具有很深的军事特质.无论在土地的使用,还是在劳动力的使用以及农作物种植方面都具有军事色彩.通过对定州这一时期军事农业的研究成因,并对此时定州农业的相关问题进行历史的考量和思索.     

齐地兵家文化视角下的现代企业团队管理

企业团队管理的研究由来已久,研究成果日渐丰富,但是基于传统文化视角的团队整合研究还处于探索阶段,适用的研究成果还不多。鉴于此,从齐地兵家文化的视角研究现代企业高绩效团队的构建理念与方法,力争从孙子兵法、六韬思想以及管仲的军事管理学说中梳理出可以适用于现代企业团队管理发展的指导思想与管理技巧,是一种有益的尝试。这种研究,对于丰富现代企业团队管理的理论与方法,指导现代企业创建高绩效的团队具有重要的现实意义。