论英国乡绅的形成

乡绅是英国封建社会中晚期出现的新兴资本主义生产关系的代表。乡绅就其构成成份虽然复杂 ,社会地位和财富的多寡有所不同 ,但是在以资本主义雇佣方式经营农牧业方面却是一致的。乡绅的形成历时三个多世纪 ,其形成过程也是封建社会的解体过程 ,它的形成表明英国封建社会内部已经孕育出了自我否定因素。乡绅的成长、壮大直接推动了英国社会变革的进程     

Hotelling模型再探讨

文章修改Hotelling模型的基本假定,假定厂商边际生产成本为正,交通成本由消费者负担,厂商区位可以为内生变量,也可以为外生变量,在此假定前提下,分析厂商的最优的区位—价格策略,以探讨最大差异化原则或者最小差异化原则何时成立,或者不成立。     

我国环境资源民事侵权责任制度之探讨

环境资源民事侵权是一种特殊侵权行为,与传统的侵权行为相比较具有显著的特点。与此相关的责任构成上实行无过错责任、因果关系推定、举证责任倒置以及多元证明标准体系,以利原告诉讼,保护自然环境与生态安全。     

中国出口贸易与农民收入结构关系的实证分析

在经济全球化、贸易一体化的今天,一个国家的经济发展离不开贸易因素,同样农民收入水平的变动与贸易也是分不开的。基于1978—2008年出口贸易对农民收入结构的影响（即家庭经营收入和工资性收入）的实证结果表明：出口贸易与农民家庭经营收入之间呈负相关关系,但会推动工资性收入的增长。因此,在农民农业收入不稳定的情况下,应鼓励扩大农产品出口,加大新型农村金融机构对乡镇企业出口的扶持,确保农民工资性收入的稳定增长。     

论服装设计大赛与高校服装设计教育的关系

近年来,中国各类服装设计大赛迅猛发展,在为服装行业挖掘设计人才的同时,也为中国高校服装设计教育提供了一个良好的行业氛围。本文通过分析服装大赛与高校服装设计教育之间的关系,总结了各类服装设计大赛的规则设置、评判标准及组织形式,并针对大赛参与各方如何共同进入一个良性的发展空间提出了若干建议。     

Optimal split‐plot orthogonal arrays

It is well known that many industrial experiments have split‐plot structures. Compared to completely randomised experiments, split‐plot designs are more economical and thus have received much attention among researchers. Much work has been done for two‐level split‐plot designs. In this article, we consider split‐plot designs with factors of three, more than three, or mixed levels and with both qualitative and quantitative factors. We show that if two designs with both qualitative and quantitative factors are geometrically isomorphic, then their generalised wordlength patterns are identical. Three design scenarios are considered for optimal designs. The corresponding wordlength patterns are defined and the minimum aberration mixed‐level split‐plot designs having 18 and 36 runs are tabulated.     

Atos Healthcare withdraws from the Work Capability Assessment: a comment

In March 2014 Atos Healthcare withdrew a year early from its contract to provide the UK’s health assessment – the Work Capability Assessment (WCA) – that is supposed to sort disabled people into administrative categories according to their adjudged capability to do paid work. This move was welcomed by political elites, with, for example, UK Coalition Government Minister for Disabled People Mike Penning using it to criticise previous Labour governments for the contractual arrangements they put in place – although while the Coalition may have been concerned with the contractual arrangements soon after being formed, it extended the contract for five years. For the UK disability movement, the withdrawal of Atos Healthcare early from the WCA contract was a victory and, at least in part, a consequence of disabled activists’ resistance to the Employment and Support Allowance generally, and the WCA in particular.     

Geometric Anisotropic Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Cox Processes

We consider spatial point processes with a pair correlation function, which depends only on the lag vector between a pair of points. Our interest is in statistical models with a special kind of ‘structured’ anisotropy: the pair correlation function is geometric anisotropic if it is elliptical but not spherical. In particular, we study Cox process models with an elliptical pair correlation function, including shot noise Cox processes and log Gaussian Cox processes, and we develop estimation procedures using summary statistics and Bayesian methods. Our methodology is illustrated on real and synthetic datasets of spatial point patterns.     

Influence measure for the L1 regression

Because outliers and leverage observations unduly affect the least squares regression, the identification of influential observations is considered an important and integrai part of the analysis. However, very few techniques have been developed for the residual analysis and diagnostics for the minimum sum of absolute errors, L₁ regression. Although the L₁ regression is more resistant to the outliers than the least squares regression, it appears that outliers (leverage) in the predictor variables may affect it. In this paper, our objective is to develop an influence measure for the L₁ regression based on the likelihood displacement function. We illustrate the proposed influence measure with examples.     

Lag Length Selection for Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Nonstationary Volatility

A number of recent papers have focused on the problem of testing for a unit root in the case where the driving shocks may be unconditionally heteroskedastic. These papers have, however, taken the lag length in the unit root test regression to be a deterministic function of the sample size, rather than data-determined, the latter being standard empirical practice. We investigate the finite sample impact of unconditional heteroskedasticity on conventional data-dependent lag selection methods in augmented Dickey–Fuller type regressions and propose new lag selection criteria which allow for unconditional heteroskedasticity. Standard lag selection methods are shown to have a tendency to over-fit the lag order under heteroskedasticity, resulting in significant power losses in the (wild bootstrap implementation of the) augmented Dickey–Fuller tests under the alternative. The proposed new lag selection criteria are shown to avoid this problem yet deliver unit root tests with almost identical finite sample properties as the corresponding tests based on conventional lag selection when the shocks are homoskedastic.