试析“关系人受贿罪”的罪名及要件——对刑法第388条之一的探讨

对于刑法第388条之一,即修正案(七)第十三条,以"影响力交易罪"命名不能衔接既有的受贿罪的命名方式,也未能明确其特征,应以"关系人受贿罪"命名。对于不正当利益应做进一步的认识,明确主体的范围。对于其他国家工作人员的行为应以渎职罪论处。     

建筑市场注册执业人员激励机制与监管博弈分析

建筑市场注册执业人员执业信用缺失影响经济资源的合理配置,危害市场经济秩序。本文通过构建政府监管部门与注册执业人员之间的静态博弈,引入经济惩罚与社会福利两变量,解释了在建筑产业快速发展时期不良行为频发而治理效果不佳的原因。引入奖励机制考察执业人员之间的动态博弈,证明了如果政府的奖励措施是长期行为并且能够为执业人员带来适当的收益,将会形成注册执业人员群体主动选择诚信的进化稳定策略。因此政府应该在充分考虑社会福利的基础上,充分利用信号传递机制与信用激励机制,通过奖励与惩罚措施,构建长期的有效的建筑市场注册执业人员信用监管模式。     

我国科研不端行为惩戒制度缺失论析

我国科研不端行为惩戒制度存在的主要问题是惩戒制度没有遵循平衡的理念;科研不端行为界定不统一、构成要件欠缺、没有区分道德和法律两个规则体系中相同用语的不同含义;缺少对惩戒组织相互配合协作、相互监督制衡及案件管辖的规定;缺少统一的正当的科研不端行为惩戒程序;惩戒责任的立法没有搞清法律主体之间的不同法律关系;应该建立具有法定效力的科研人员行政申诉制度并对科研不端行为人予以司法救济。未来的科研不端行为惩戒立法应该以国务院制定专门的《科研诚信监督管理条例》为重点,构建行政法律、民事法律、刑事法律为一体,与科研共同体的内部规范相协调的惩戒规则体系。     

科研不端行为的法律分析及防控机制的构建

科研不端行为是指违反科学共同体公认的科研行为准则的行为。文章在论述科研不端行为属"法律问题"性质的同时对其表现形式进行了概括。对科研不端行为的形成从利益、道德、制度等方面进行了分析,以期找寻出产生科研不端行为的根本原因。通过对产生科研不端行为原因的分析,从借鉴国外先进经验和完善国内相关制度入手,对如何防控科研不端行为进行了制度上的思考。     

Publication rates after the first retraction for biomedical researchers with multiple retracted publications

Retraction of scientific publications can unmask scientific misconduct. We undertook a survey of publication rates, for authors with multiple retractions in the biomedical literature, to determine whether they changed after authors’ first retractions.

We collected publication and citation data from Scopus for 100 authors with multiple retractions (either >10 retractions or 2–5 retractions) in the Retraction Watch database.

Publication rates increased until the year of the first retraction and decreased rapidly thereafter. By 4 years after the first retraction, the proportion of authors actively publishing at least one paper/year was <50%, annual publication rates were <50% of the pre-retraction rate, and only 22% of authors had a publication rate >50% of their pre-retraction rate. There was no difference in the decline in publication rates between authors associated with a retraction for misconduct and those not associated with such a retraction. After the first retraction, citation rates of retracted papers declined whereas those of unretracted papers by the same authors remained unchanged.

In summary, publication rates of authors with multiple retractions, most of whom were associated with scientific misconduct, declined rapidly after their first retraction but a small minority continued to publish regularly.     

刑法规制科研不端行为之我见

科研评价体制不合理是导致科研不端行为产生的深层次原因,刑罚不可能触动或消除这一原因。刑罚自身的局限性也决定了它在防治科研不端行为方面的作用是有限的。用刑法规制科研不端行为,应该坚持刑法的谦抑性原则,只有在道德及民事、行政的法律手段不足以抑制时,才能动用刑罚的方法对其进行惩处。而且,应该用理性的刑罚观对待科研不端行为,警惕“泛刑法主义”或“泛刑罚主义”。     

Perception of Teacher Sexual Misconduct by Age of Student

ABSTRACT

This study explored whether student age influenced perceptions of teacher sexual misconduct. Participants (300 undergraduates) read scenarios depicting teacher sexual misconduct in which the student's age was varied (9, 12, 15), and then answered questions about their perceptions. Data were analyzed with 2 (respondent gender) × 2 (cross-gender dyads) × 3 (student age) MANOVAs. Experiences involving the youngest student were viewed as the most abusive, followed by the 12-year-old, and the 15-year-old. Gender differences were evident, with women viewing the experiences more negatively. Scenarios involving a male teacher/female student were viewed more negatively than a female teacher/male student dyad. These findings illustrate the importance of educating students and school personnel about teacher sexual misconduct.     

An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Teacher Attractiveness on Undergraduates' Perceptions of Teacher–Student Sexual Involvement

This study explored whether the attractiveness of a teacher affected perceptions of teacher sexual misconduct. Respondents (120 female and 108 male undergraduates) read scenarios depicting teacher sexual misconduct varied by gender dyad (male teacher–female student and female teacher–male student) and two levels of attractiveness (very attractive or ordinary looking). The attractiveness of the teacher had little impact on respondents' perceptions. Significant interactions emerged on most variables between respondent gender and gender dyad. Specifically, male respondents tended to view the female teacher–male student dyad as less negative than the male teacher–female student dyad. Female respondents generally did not make a distinction based on the gender dyad.     

Statistics,ethics, and research: An agenda for education and reform

This essay argues that the research community needs to pay more attention to the appropriate use of statistical methods in discussions of research ethics, and proposes some strategies for enhancing discussions of the ethical uses of statistics within investigational, educational, and organizational settings. The essay supports its position by 1) explaining why statistics plays such a key role in research integrity, 2) describing how some common misuses of statistics in research violate ethical standards pertaining to honesty and error avoidance, and 3) reviewing evidence which suggests that the misuse of statistics is more prevalent (and perhaps more significant) than research misconduct (narrowly defined as “fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism").