组织动员、行动策略与机会结构——业主集体行动结果的影响因素分析

本文从组织动员、行动策略和机会结构三个维度出发,基于发生在1999-2012年的中国191个业主维权案例,系统考察了纠纷类型、参与人数、维权方式、业主组织和政府反应五个因素对业主集体维权结果的影响。研究发现,在涉及政府部门的行政型纠纷和混合型纠纷中,业主不易维权成功;动员一定数量的业主有助于集体维权成功,但并不意味着动员人数越多,成功可能性越大;不同维权方式及其组合会影响维权结果,非制度化的激进行为并不利于业主实现其利益诉求;真正代表业主利益且能有效运作的业主组织可以显著提高业主维权成功的可能性;政府的行政失当行为(包括不当干预和行政不作为)大大增加了业主维权的难度。这些发现在一定程度上揭示了当前中国强国家-弱社会的现状。     

Ask and you shall receive: Social network contacts’ provision of help during the job search

Social network contacts—the people who are asked to help with others’ job searches—are key players in the job networking process. Before job seekers can become employed with the help social networks, contacts must first be able and willing to share the social resources job seekers need for their search. Little is known about the factors that affect contacts’ ability and willingness to do this. Analyses of a unique dataset of contacts show that they typically have access to resources and help job seekers by sharing them. Still, contacts are better able to help when they are male, employed, and better educated than job seekers. They are more willing to help when they perceive job seekers to be “good” workers. In identifying the conditions in which contacts provide social resources, this study illustrates how social networks are a productive job search strategy for some, but not all, job seekers.     

Interventions: Dynamics of Contention

This profile looks at the indigenous mobilization against government attempts to open up the Peruvian Amazon to increased foreign investment. It draws parallels between the events in Peru and conflicts in countries such as Mexico, Bolivia and Ecuador. It identifies the main similarities as the causes of the conflict (neoliberal reform), the action repertoire deployed in the protests, and the successful outcome of the action for the indigenous groups involved. We also look at the sources of support for the struggle, focusing in particular on the role played by political leaders such as Ollanta Humala and Bolivian President Evo Morales. We conclude by analysing the consequences of the protests for the wider political situation in Peru.     

The Benefits of Frame Resonance Disputes for Transnational Movements: The Case of Botswana's Central Kalahari Game Reserve

Internal rifts over framing and tactics often hinder groups from mobilizing the degree of support and resources necessary to achieve their stated goals. As a result of disparities in political culture and ideology, the existence of such rifts may be especially frequent and disabling for forms of transnational collective action. However, using the case of the transnational movement lobbying on behalf of Botswana's minority groups, particularly the indigenous San, this paper argues that frame resonance disputes can sometimes facilitate the achievement of a movement's immediate goals. This is for two main reasons. First, by appealing to different audiences, the movement can gain complementary and reinforcing forms of legitimacy and support. Second, states and their societies may possess different points of vulnerability, which can be more effectively targeted through the simultaneous use of multiple frames. By helping minority groups receive legal entitlement to their ancestral lands and opening a debate about the nature of Botswana's democracy, the transnational movement campaigning for the return of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve underscores the benefits of frame resonance disputes.     

The Project System and the Mobilization of Basic Level Governments： A Sociological Study of the Project-oriented Operation of Social Management

在基层行政资源紧张条件下,上级部门为达成工作目标,越来越多地通过项目制来调动基层政府。相比于传统的科层体制,项目制使得上级部门拥有集中的资金管理权、特殊的人事安排权以及高效的动员程序,从而能更快地见到成效。项目制在基层政府的推行使得科层体系发生重构,政府内部动员由“层级动员”转向“多线动员”,行政资源的分配也演变为项目中心模式;同时,项目制的“自我扩张”效应使得项目制越来越深入到政府体系中,具有持续性及不断增长的影响力。     

论国民精神总动员运动对抗日民族统一战线的影响

中国抗战的胜利是在中国共产党倡导的抗日民族统一战线的旗帜下,以国共合作为基础,各民族、各阶级、各党派、各界人士以及海外侨胞紧密团结、浴血奋战的结果,也是100多年来中国人民反对帝国主义侵略第一次取得的完全胜利.战略相持阶段到来以后,国民政府为适应新形势发动了国民精神总动员运动以挽救民族危亡,抗战建国,中国共产党始终以民族大义为重,既支持、肯定运动的积极面又不失时机对其消极面进行斗争,灵活运用统战政策维护了裂而不破的抗日民族统一战线,对抗战的胜利起到了至关重要的作用.对抗日民族统一战线工作经验的不断总结和思考,可以为我们党在新阶段加强执政能力建设和开展统战工作提供经验和借鉴,具有重要的现实意义.     

石油动员模式研究

石油动员是维护国家能源安全的重要手段。在分析国内石油行业的产业结构及发展特点的基础上,分析了石油资源超常规供给能力的来源,重点研究了动员石油资源储备、对石油资源进行临时增产、压缩石油制品销售及限制石油制品用途、临时增加石油资源进口四种动员模式。分析得出,应采取建立健全国家石油储备体系、加强海洋石油运输保障能力、加强石油重要基础设施防护三种措施以保障石油动员效果。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区展览会之社会动员探析

抗战时期,陕甘宁抗日根据地落后的经济文化现状和坚持持久抗战的要求,是边区政权举办展览会的主要动机。中国共产党利用举办展览会的机会,从展览会的筹备到组织展出以及展后的总结表彰,进行了卓有成效的社会动员,有力地配合了边区当时的中心工作,推动了边区社会的发展。     

动员式改革:中国农村改革理论与经验的再探讨

新制度经济学并不足以解释20世纪70年代末至80年代初的中国农村改革。这场改革具有浓厚的动员色彩,是一次动员式改革。这次动员式改革既不同于以群众运动为代表的组织化动员,也不同于市场转型背景下的准组织化动员。该动员式改革采取了物质刺激和精神鼓励相结合的形式,并有两个显著的特点：改革过程中动员与制度建设相互作用;国家不能完全控制动员的影响。中国农村市场化的启动是作为动员式改革的非意图性后果出现的。     

组织性动员与政治经济运动:20世纪60-70年代中国城市社区工作模式

城市社区工作模式既是社区理论、政策与实践的核心议题,又是当代中国史研究的重要组成部分。本文采取文献回顾与历史研究方法,从政治经济运动等层面,首次将 60、70 年代城市社区工作模式概括为组织性动员,填补中国社区工作理论研究的空白点。