Modified minimax estimation of regression coefficients

Working with the linear regression model (1.1) and having the extraneous information (1.2) about regression coefficients the problem exists how to build estimators (1.3) with the risk (1.4) which enable to utilize the known information in order to reduce their risk as compared with the risk (1.6) of the LSE (1.5). Solution of this problem is known for the positive definite matrix T, namely in form for estimators (1.8) and (1.10).First, it is shown that the proposed estimators (2.6),(2.9) and (2.16) based on psedoinversions of the matrix L represent the solution of the problem of the positive semidefinite matrix T=L'L.Further, the problem of interpretability of estimators in the sense of the inequality (3.1) exists; it is shown that all mentioned estimators are at least partially interpretable in the sense of requirements (3.2) or (3.10).     

牛津高中英语教材本土文化调查分析

在文化教学渐渐引起国内外学者关注的时候,牛津版高中英语教材作为新一代教材的成功典范在文化导入方面已经给予重视,而在本土文化的导入中是否也达到了新课标的要求？笔者以牛津版高中英语教材九级水平为评测目标,以教材的9、10、11三个模块为研究对象,设计本调查力求回答上述问题,并指出该教材中存在的问题。     

联结主义理论与英语阅读教学

联结主义理论给英语教学新的启示。本文在理论分析的基础上,结合英语阅读教学的现状和个人教学实践,提出了阅读教学中应用联结主义的教学步骤。探讨了强化注意程度,激活输入的语言信息,提高输出意识的教学方法。     

PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND APPLICATIONS FOR A GENERALISATION OF THE BETA-BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

A three-parameter generalisation of the beta-binomial distribution (BBD) derived by Chandon (1976) is examined. We obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and give the elements of the information matrix. To exhibit the applicability of the generalised distribution we show how it gives an improved fit over the BBD for magazine exposure and consumer purchasing data. Finally we derive an empirical Bayes estimate of a binomial proportion based on the generalised beta distribution used in this study.     

一类有广泛适用性的综合控制算法

将闭环极点配置、史密斯予估和自适应控制策略有机地结合起来,提出了一类单、多变量自校正史密斯予估综合控制算法。并用数字仿真进行了验证。     

Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures.

Interdependency analysis in the context of this article is a process of assessing and managing risks inherent in a system of interconnected entities (e.g., infrastructures or industry sectors). Invoking the principles of input-output (I-O) and decomposition analysis, the article offers a framework for describing how terrorism-induced perturbations can propagate due to interconnectedness. Data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is utilized to present applications to serve as test beds for the proposed framework. Specifically, a case study estimating the economic impact of airline demand perturbations to national-level U.S. sectors is made possible using I-O matrices. A ranking of the affected sectors according to their vulnerability to perturbations originating from a primary sector (e.g., air transportation) can serve as important input to risk management. For example, limited resources can be prioritized for the "top-n" sectors that are perceived to suffer the greatest economic losses due to terrorism. In addition, regional decomposition via location quotients enables the analysis of local-level terrorism events. The Regional I-O Multiplier System II (RIMS II) Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is the agency responsible for releasing the regional multipliers for various geographical resolutions (economic areas, states, and counties). A regional-level case study demonstrates a process of estimating the economic impact of transportation-related scenarios on industry sectors within Economic Area 010 (the New York metropolitan region and vicinities).     

玉林话“好+形容词+定”结构的音变及其意义

玉林话中的“好 +形容词 +定”结构是由副词“好” (相当于现代汉语的“很”)加单音节或双音节形容词和助词“定”组成的结构形式。从语音构成看 ,有本调和变音之别 ,其词汇意义也随之改变 ,读本调时表示程度重 ,读变音时则常表示程度轻 ,且大多数带有令人喜爱的色彩。该结构主要作谓语和补语。言语色彩上可随形容词意义的不同而有褒贬上的区别。     

The Media and Genetically Modified Foods: Evidence in Support of Social Amplification of Risk

Empirical examinations of the "social amplification of risk" framework are rare, partly because of the difficulties in predicting when conditions likely to result in amplification effects will occur. This means that it is difficult to examine changes in risk perception that are contemporaneous with increases and/or decreases in social or media discussion of the risks associated with a particular risk event. However, the collection of attitude data before, during, and after the increased reporting of the risks of genetically modified food in the United Kingdom (spring 1999) has demonstrated that people's risk perceptions do increase and decrease in line with what might be expected upon examination of the amplification and attenuation mechanisms integral to the framework. Perceptions of benefit, however, appeared to be permanently depressed by negative reporting about genetically modified food. Trust in regulatory institutions with responsibility for protecting the public was not affected. It was concluded that the social amplification of risk framework is a useful framework for beginning to explain the potential impact on risk perceptions of a risk event, particularly if that risk event is presented to the public as a new hazard occurring in a crisis context.     

Estimation under modified Weibull distribution based on right censored generalized order statistics

In this paper, the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayes, by using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), methods are considered to estimate the parameters of three-parameter modified Weibull distribution (MWD(β, τ, λ)) based on a right censored sample of generalized order statistics (gos). Simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. Some comparisons are carried out between the ML and Bayes methods by computing the mean squared errors (MSEs), Akaike's information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) of the estimates to illustrate the paper. Three real data sets from Weibull(α, β) distribution are introduced and analyzed using the MWD(β, τ, λ) and also using the Weibull(α, β) distribution. A comparison is carried out between the mentioned models based on the corresponding Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test statistic, {AIC and BIC} to emphasize that the MWD(β, τ, λ) fits the data better than the other distribution. All parameters are estimated based on type-II censored sample, censored upper record values and progressively type-II censored sample which are generated from the real data sets.