From Breeder Reactors to Butterflies: Risk, Culture, and Biotechnology

Social theories of risk suggest that a combination of scientific and cultural perspectives converge to influence risk perception. This article first surveys sociological perspectives suggesting that risks from modern technological development have become predominant concerns in the social consciousness. Particular attention is given to those theses describing how social elements work to create perception of risks in relation to new technologies. The themes that emerge from this survey are then related to contemporary debates concerning biotechnology. Specific attention is given to recent controversies regarding genetically modified crops, and parallels are drawn between debates over nuclear power and biotechnology. A procedural ethic for public discourse and decision making over the diffusion of genetically modified foods is offered. Ethical and social theories are linked with the hope that by recognizing the social dimensions of debates over new technologies a broader framework for conducting risk analysis may emerge.     

Arbitrary hypotheses in linear mod fi.S with unbalanced data

The Statistical Analysis System (SAS) procedure entitled General Linear Model (GLM) includes in its output four types of estimable functions that have certain arbitrariness (represented by the letter L) in their coefficients. This paper shows how such arbitrary estimable functions are derived from the known, general expressions for hypotheses tested by traditional-style F-statisties in analysis of variance calculations that are often made for unbalanced data (i.e., data having unequal numbers of observations in their subclasses).     

Two sided acceptance sampling plans based on mml estimators

Alternative estimators that are robust to non-normality in the symmetric thick tailed situation are shown to yield much better results tl)an do [Xbar] and s. The particular estimators suggested in this paper are the Modified Maximum Likelihood estimators of Tiku (1967).     

Modeling Uncertainties in Workforce Disruptions from Influenza Pandemics Using Dynamic Input‐Output Analysis

Influenza pandemic is a serious disaster that can pose significant disruptions to the workforce and associated economic sectors. This article examines the impact of influenza pandemic on workforce availability within an interdependent set of economic sectors. We introduce a simulation model based on the dynamic input‐output model to capture the propagation of pandemic consequences through the National Capital Region (NCR). The analysis conducted in this article is based on the 2009 H1N1 pandemic data. Two metrics were used to assess the impacts of the influenza pandemic on the economic sectors: (i) inoperability, which measures the percentage gap between the as‐planned output and the actual output of a sector, and (ii) economic loss, which quantifies the associated monetary value of the degraded output. The inoperability and economic loss metrics generate two different rankings of the critical economic sectors. Results show that most of the critical sectors in terms of inoperability are sectors that are related to hospitals and health‐care providers. On the other hand, most of the sectors that are critically ranked in terms of economic loss are sectors with significant total production outputs in the NCR such as federal government agencies. Therefore, policy recommendations relating to potential mitigation and recovery strategies should take into account the balance between the inoperability and economic loss metrics.     

快速驱动对蛙心输出量影响的实验研究

目的：观察快速驱动对蛙心输出量的影响,探讨疲劳运动后心输出量的变化规律.方法：以虎纹蛙为实验材料,采用BL-410生物机能实验系统,对蛙心施加一定频率和强度的电驱动,分别记录驱动前后各级后负荷状态下的蛙心输出量.结果：驱动前、后蛙心输出量与后负荷呈显著负相关（r分别为-0.832和-0.993,P〈0.05）,驱动后各级后负荷下蛙心的输出量较驱动前显著降低（P〈0.05）.结论：疲劳后的心脏收缩力减弱,克服后负荷的能力下降,是导致心输出量下降的直接原因.     

Numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear L р-norm estimation problems: part II - a mixture method for large residual and illo-conditioned problems

The nonlinear least squares algorithm of Gill and Murray (1978) is extended and modified to solve nonlinear L _р-norm estimation problems efficiently. The new algorithm uses a mixture of 1st-order derivative (Guass-Newton) and 2nd-order derivative (Newton) search directions. A new rule for selecting the “grade” r of the p-jacobiab matrix J_p was also incorporated. This brought about rapid convergence of the algorithm on previously reported test examples.     

Using an approximate L1 Estimator

This note investigates the efficiency of using near-best or approximate L₁ estimators as starting values in L₁ linear programming procedures. In particular, it is shown that the total computer time can often be reduced if one first computes the least squares estimator, β, and then adjust y to y - Xβ in Barrodale and Roberts’ improved algorithm.     

从《老友记》与《爱情公寓》看文化输出

情景喜剧源自美国,智慧幽默的对白、轻松机智的剧情都让情景喜剧在全世界范围内广为流传并有庞大的受众群体。电视剧亦是一种文化表达,电视剧走出国门走向世界,带去的不仅是幽默搞笑,更多的应该是文化内涵,因此在世界文化交流中扮演文化使者角色。     

Order statistics in goodness of fit tests

Goodness-of-fit tests based on the order statistics of a random sample are given which are particularly effective in detecting long tailedness or outliers.     

影响大学生口语输出能力的因素研究

文章分析了影响本科非英语专业学生英语口语输出能力的外部因素的内部因素,并从培养学生实践能力、减轻焦虑等方面给出了对策。