代际关系变迁视野下道德濡化模式的当代转变

道德濡化具有代际制约性。在传统的和谐—控制型代际关系下,道德濡化模式为"前喻型",它使道德濡化得以较好实现。当代社会变迁中,代际关系趋于复杂,代际隔阂产生,前喻型道德濡化模式不再适应新的代际关系,道德濡化遭遇时代困境。当代道德濡化要想走出困境,需要建立和谐—平等型代际关系,建构互喻型道德濡化模式。     

数字化生存的道德风险与信息崇拜的伦理考辨

当代人尤其是青年人面临诸多现实世界中自我难以解决的矛盾和困惑时,期许能在电子＂伊甸园＂中找回自我价值和精神皈依。然而,虚拟空间并非想象中的天堂,类似＂面具＂的交流形式遮蔽着许多本真的存在,消解了现实世界的核心价值;游离在虚拟和现实之间的自我与社会脱离;对网络的过渡依赖性导致人格的异化;方向感的迷茫和自我定位的偏差,使得价值追求从崇高滑向流俗甚至恶俗。数字化生存方式正颠覆着传统生活方式和现实生活世界的诸多价值标准,而信息崇拜的推波助澜,更使人们产生了一种莫名的幸福被剥夺的感觉。     

Penny for Your Thoughts: Beggars and the Exercise of Morality in Daily Life1

Urban sociology has tended to study interactions between passersby and “street persons” with an emphasis on the ways street persons become bothersome, harassing, or dangerous. This article moves away from the focus on the ways interactions in public go awry and focuses on how individuals account for the mundane, everyday exchanges they have with strangers who seek their help. Based on interview data (N = 31) and qualitative analysis of data from an Internet survey (N = 110), this article suggests that the presence of beggars does not inherently symbolize urban decay to passersby and does not necessarily elicit anxiety, but instead provides a valuable texture of urban life. Further, the article argues that individuals, when justifying their responses to requests for help from needy persons (beggars) in urban spaces, use a variety of cultural strategies to maintain their perception of themselves as moral persons, both when they choose to help and when they refuse. Drawing from these findings, the article suggests that urban sociology and the sociology of risk would benefit from sensitizing their studies of public interactions to the diverse meanings individuals assign to them, rather than presupposing annoyance, anxiety, or fear as their predominant characteristic.     

Predictors of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sports Context

This study examined antisocial and prosocial behavior of N = 439 adolescent athletes between 14 and 17 years of age (67 teams). Multi‐level analyses showed that team membership explained 20 and 13 percent of the variance in antisocial and prosocial behavior in the sports context, respectively. The team effects suggest that aggregating antisocial or prosocial adolescents within teams may partially explain differences in antisocial and prosocial behavior among athletes in the sports context. A trend was found toward a relation between higher levels of moral reasoning within teams, and less antisocial behavior in the sports context. Favorable moral atmosphere was positively associated with more prosocial behavior in the sports context. Finally, supportive coach–athlete relationships were associated with both less antisocial and more prosocial behavior in the sports context.     

Young adults in the United States and Benin reason about gendered cultural traditions

This study explored emerging and young adults’ reasoning about cultural practices in West Africa. American (Study 1, n = 78, M = 20.76 years) and Beninese (Study 2, n = 93, M = 23.61 years) undergraduates were surveyed about their evaluations of corporal punishment, scarification, and schooling restrictions in conditions where the practices had gender‐neutral or gender‐specified targets. In Study 1, the majority (69%) of American participants negatively evaluated the practices, especially when targets were female. However, the majority (73%) assumed the cultural practices were consensual. In Study 2, the majority (76%) of Beninese participants negatively evaluated the practices, and their evaluations did not vary by gender of the target. Few (10%) Beninese participants assumed the cultural practices were consensual. In both studies, emerging and young adults who initially judged practices positively changed their evaluations with a change in consent.     

Observed and parent‐reported conscience in childhood: Relations with bullying involvement in early primary school

This exploratory study aimed to examine which components of early childhood conscience predicted bullying involvement around school entry. In the population‐based Generation R Study, teacher reports of bullying involvement and parent reports of conscience were available for 3,244 children (M age = 6.7 years). Higher levels of overall conscience predicted lower bullying perpetration scores, independently of intelligence quotient, temperamental traits and sociodemographic characteristics. Particularly, the subscales guilt, confession, and internalized conduct, and to a lesser extent empathy, predicted bullying perpetration. Conscience was not related to victimization. Similar results were found using observations during so‐called ‘cheating games’ (subsample N = 450 children). Findings suggest that improving children's understanding of moral standards and norms may be a potential target for bullying intervention programs in early primary school.     

人的思想道德与经济发展的关联

人的思想道德是人口素质的重要内容，人的思想道德在经济增长和经济发展中具有重要作用。但目前学术界还缺乏对人的思想道德素质与经济增长、经济发展和脱贫致富相关性的理论分析与实证检验。新时期反贫困实践应重视思想反贫困和思想扶贫。     

Las transgresiones morales repulsivas pero inofensivas se perciben como dañinas debido a las emociones negativas que inducen

Resumen

Violaciones morales inofensivas pero repulsivas pueden justificarse como dañinas a otros debido a las emociones negativas que inducen. La relación entre las emociones de enojo y asco y el daño asociado a estas emociones como resultado de una transgresión moral fue investigada. Los resultados muestran que una violación moral que induce asco (transgresión tabú) pero que no tiene efectos dañinos para otros se relaciona más con el asco que con el enojo. Dicha violación moral creó presunción de daño de tres tipos: comunal, individual y natural. La emoción de asco fue un mediador entre la violación tabú y la presunción de daño natural mientras que la emoción de enojo fue un mediador entre la violación tabú y la presunción de daño individual. Los resultados también muestran que cuando ocurren transgresiones morales que no dañan a otras personas, las emociones de asco y enojo permiten adjudicar efectos dañinos a entidades simbólicas como la naturaleza y la comunidad, como resultado de dichas acciones.     

Stop the Beat: Quiet Regulation and Cultural Conflict1

This article explores a recent conflict over the youth phenomenon known as “raving” in the City of Chicago. By interviewing participants involved in the conflict, I set out to understand the extent to which the crackdown on raves in Chicago was similar to earlier social reactions to jazz, comic books, rock and roll, and Dead Head culture, as well as to more recent conflicts over punk, rap music, and raves in other cities. While most previous research on cultural conflict has focused on moral crusades, campaigns, and panics, the Chicago conflict represents an example of “quiet regulation.” Opponents refrained from highly visible, morally charged attacks; instead, in the absence of media hype and visible public discourse, public officials justified the crackdown in highly bureaucratic terms—avoiding risk, collecting taxes, enforcing codes. Nonetheless, they also drew on cultural schemas that linked raves and raving with drugs, sex, and deviance. As a result, officials selected a course of regulation that criminalized DJs and discredited the artform. In the absence of a highly visible moral campaign, the rave participants were unable to mobilize and resist the regulation and defend their lifestyle. Sociologists must move beyond highly visible campaigns and crusades and pay greater attention to quiet regulation, both because such regulation is likely to increase in the future and because it has significant consequences for power, cultural expression, and identity.     

加强和改进师德建设是教育之根本

本文以崭新的视角与多种途径论述加强和改进师德建设的相关问题，树立与时俱进的育人为本和德育为先的教育思想至关重要。