信息不对称与人的经济行为

信息不对称及其经济效应是信息经济学研究的中心问题,本文依据信息经济学和行为科学理论,从现实经济生活出发,系统地阐述了信息不对称的内涵,论证了信息不对称的必然性,探讨了信息不对称条件下交易双方的经济行为,提出了信息不对称条件下卖方(或代理方)违规败德行为的函数式,最后讨论了信息不对称造成的经济后果,提出了解决这一问题的思路。     

I'm Telling! The Content, Context, and Consequences of Children's Tattling on their Siblings

Tattling on siblings was observed in 40 families with 2- and 4-year-old children. All but 5 children reported sibling misbehaviour to parents with younger siblings tattling largely to recruit parental help in resolving conflict issues, and older siblings tattling both in the context of conflict and merely to inform parents of their siblings' misbehaviour. Parents rarely reprimanded children for tattling, but either ignored it, or responded to information in tattlers' reports regardless of context or whether older or younger children tattled. Children did not tattle equally on all sibling transgressions, but emphasized physical aggression and property damage, issues that also elicited parental discipline. Tattling is discussed in relation to children's understanding of the dynamics and moral standards of family life.     

The ecosystem blueprint: How firms shape the design of an ecosystem according to the surrounding conditions

Ecosystems are formed by organisations that jointly create a value proposition that a single firm could not create in isolation. To deliver this value proposition, the partners need a focal firm, the orchestrator, to be align them towards the joint value proposition. Thus, how orchestrators design the alignment structure of an ecosystem is at the very heart of the ecosystem concept – yet it has not been sufficiently addressed by extant research. This is all the more true for the question of how the design of an ecosystem is shaped depending on surrounding conditions. This paper applies a qualitative study with ten cases and, based on the attention-based view of the firm, contributes to research on ecosystems in several ways. First, it explains which ecosystem designs are beneficial under which conditions. Second, it elucidates the structure and activities within ecosystems and shows that start-ups can be just as good ecosystem orchestrators as incumbents. Third, it explains the circumstances under which single vs. multi orchestrator ecosystems occur. Fourth, it presents the conditions when incumbents or start-ups make better orchestrators. Finally, it is among the first studies to apply the attention-based view to business ecosystems, and shows that doing so yields intriguing insights into this emerging field of research.     

人民至上的伦理学分析——以抗击新冠肺炎疫情为视角

新冠肺炎疫情不仅对人民群众的生命健康构成极大威胁,也考验党和政府的治理能力和党群干群关系。以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持人民至上、生命至上,坚持把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位,领导人民取得了抗疫的重大成果。坚持人民至上、生命至上,是抗疫成功更深层次的决定性因素和价值支撑。人民至上立场集中体现为肯定人民群众是历史创造者的人民史观、全心全意为人民服务的人民宗旨观、以人民为中心的发展观;人民至上是中国共产党百年奋斗的宝贵历史经验,也是中国共产党百年成就之本;从伦理学高度审视,人民至上立场是一种根本伦理价值观和伦理精神,体现为马克思主义和中国特色社会主义的人民伦理观;生命至上是人民至上立场的集中体现和要求,拓展了社会主义道德价值的新内涵。     

以伟大建党精神涵养新时代青年的逻辑理路

青年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,是实现第二个百年目标的生力军。习近平在庆祝中国共产党成立100 周年大会上发出号召,青年一代要增强做中国人的志气、骨气和底气,切实肩负起实现民族复兴的时代重任。以“坚持真理、坚守理想,践行初心、担当使命,不怕牺牲、英勇斗争,对党忠诚、不负人民”为内涵的伟大建党精神作为一种先进文化,为时代新人培养提供了丰厚精神滋养。站在新的历史起点,我们要深刻领会伟大建党精神的深邃内涵,着眼于新时代培养怎样的青年、为谁培养青年、怎样培养青年这一时代问题,从加强教育引导、注重实践养成以及加强制度保障等层面,教育引导青年筑牢实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的价值理想和为人民幸福而永久奋斗的价值追求。     

霍桑《红字》的人名寓意研究

分析霍桑《红字》的人名寓意,探讨其对揭示作品主题的重要作用,以期从新视角研究文学作品,准确深入把握作品主题。     

De minimis and equity in risk

Indices and orderings are developed for evaluating alternative strategies in the management of risk. They reflect the goals of reducing individual and collective risks, of increasing equity, and of assigning priority to the reduction and to the equity of high risks. Individual risk is defined as the (random or non-random) level of exposure to a danger. In particular the role of a lower negligibility level is investigated. A class of indices is proposed which involves two parameters, a negligibility level and a parameter of inequality aversion, and several interpretations of the indices are discussed. We provide a set of eight axioms which are necessary and sufficient for this class of indices, and we present an approach to deal with partial information on the parameters.     

非对称信息条件下成本控制模型研究

运用委托代理理论方法探讨了信息不对称条件下,生产管理者如何激励生产者努力降低成本的问题。信息不对称情况下,管理者不能观测到生产者为降低成本而付出的努力,因此管理者需要对生产者进行激励。管理者根据自己的要求和生产者的自报数确定了一个合约基数,并建立了满足生产者个体理性约束和激励相容约束条件下的管理者期望效用最大化模型,分别以奖励系数和惩罚系数为决策主量。运用进化规划算法作了仿真计算。     

空间OLAP 技术研究

针对决策支持系统中空间数据可视化应用趋势,研究基于空间数据仓库的一种决策分析 工具———在线分析处理,通过改进空间数据立方体的物化视图选择方法,并进行了实例分析, 验证该方法的有效性和优越性,更好地解决空间OLAP 响应时间延迟问题. 进而扩展空间OLAP 应用模型和模式,实现更加完备、灵活的空间OLAP 操作功能.     

《论语》与《旧约》的中西农牧社会德性观比较

《论语》和《旧约》均立足于中西古代以畜牧农耕为主的传统社会,其包含的契约精神与仁爱主张既是农业文明的产物,也是古代人民对和谐社会的向往与追求,对于中西当代社会的文明发展有着无可比拟的影响力,体现了中西伦理价值观形成的悠久历史与传统。在《旧约》叙事中,上帝给选民的应许之地意味着以畜牧业为主的古代以色列人终于可以结束颠沛流离的生活,也意味着原始农业的开始。于是,在这样一个生产力低下,生产关系简单的原始农业社会,上帝的言语行为无异于社会规范,并代表着自然法则,其与以色列人之间所立的契约也被等同于律书,并影响了古代近东各民族价值观的形成与发展。但《旧约》在强调社会规范及其约束力的同时,却忽视了个人的内心修养和人性的塑造。与《旧约》同一时代的《论语》却恰恰相反地强调了个体修炼的重要性。孔子认为“君子谋道不谋食”,故而站在修身养性的角度提倡“克己复礼以为仁”,强调了本心修炼对礼和道的重要性。由此可见,《论语》和《旧约》蕴含的不同德性观与传统社会的农业发展和需求有着密切的关系,两者的比较不但从根本上解释了中西传统道德价值观差异的历史文化根源,更是引发了当代社会对德性问题的追溯与思考。