20世纪80年代至90年代中期中国高等教育体制改革——成绩、动因和特点

20世纪80年代至90年代中期,我国高等教育管理体制、办学体制、投资体制以及招生和就业体制改革从初步尝试到全面深化,取得很大进展。该项改革是由经济体制改革、国家政策的引导、教育经费短缺的矛盾以及世界科技革命推动的。改革呈现出以下特点：循序渐进、实事求是、有强有力的政策保证以及与经济、社会、科技发展全面适应等。     

英语新闻语篇中名词化使用的语用理据探究

从语用角度看,制约和影响英语新闻语篇中名词化使用的理据主要包括语篇连贯性、语篇格式、指称、交际意图和心理因素等。这些语用理据相互联系,共同对名词使用起着综合的语用制约作用。     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

审美主体创作动机的心理论述

从创作心理学角度对审美主体创作动机的心理进行剖析 ,研究“前写作状态”具有重要的意义。创作动机的心理准备包括创作力、创作空间、原型经验三部分 ,创作动机具有自发性与自觉性的双重心理特征。动机研究具有积极的艺术人类学价值     

Motivation and Commissioning: Perceived and Expressed Motivations of Care Home Providers

Commissioning of social care for older people has seen major changes since the early 1990s. Considerable responsibility now rests with local authority staff, whose views of care home providers’ motivations, their perceived strengths and weaknesses as service providers, will have a bearing on commissioning decisions. We examine commissioners’ views of provider motivations in eight English local authorities and compare their perceived motivations with providers’ expressed motives. Data were collected through semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with commissioners and care home providers. Providers are generally perceived by commissioners as highly altruistic, but also relatively financially motivated individuals. Further analysis revealed significantly different views towards profit‐maximizing, which commissioners perceive as very important, while providers consider it to be of little motivational value. Private sector providers are described by commissioners as significantly more motivated by personal income. Associations are found between commissioners’ perceptions of motivations and the nature of their relationships with providers. Perceptions of providers’ motivations appear important within the commissioning framework.     

中国大学生与欧洲大学生外语学习动机的差异比较研究--浅议中国大学英语教学改革

引进国外第二语言习得理论并应用于我国外语教学实践成为外语界普遍关注的焦点。本文对我国大学英语学习者和欧洲外语学习者的学习动机差异进行了对比,并对差异产生的原因和外部学习条件的不同进行了深入的研究,进而根据第二语言习得理论提出了改进我国大学英语改革的建议。     

试论语言符号的理据性

索绪尔提出的语言符号“任意性”观点是全面理解索绪尔语言学理论体系的关键。多年来 ,语言学界对任意性学说的研究经久不衰。但是 ,到目前为止 ,还没有得出明确的结论。文章从语音、词汇、句法以及语用几个层面提出语言的“理据性”,对语言符号任意性的学说提出挑战 ,希望对语言研究者与学习者探讨研究语言符号是否具有“任意性”问题起到借鉴作用     

真实理据和假定理据

探究和阐述语词理据 ,必然要给它分类。本文依据“由因得果”和“由果推因”两种基本途径 ,将语词理据分为真实理据和假定理据两大类及其各自的小类 ,同时还讨论了考证理据和纠正理据的方法和路径。     

关于范钦及其天一阁的若干思考

天一阁是我国乃至亚洲最古老的私人藏书楼,举世闻名,但在有关的众多研究中,很少有人从其创建者范钦的角度加以探讨。文章旨在填补这个空白,由此入手,对天一阁的功能、寓意、藏书特色的成因、缘何私密深闭等问题,提出独到的见解。并以此文纪念范钦诞辰500周年,天一阁建阁440周年。     

婚姻立法规制个体婚姻动机初探——兼论婚姻法司法解释(三)

婚姻的社会动机与个体动机是有差别的。婚姻的社会动机的立足点是群体两性关系以及人口再生、人口质量和社会秩序。婚姻的个体动机主要体现在生理需求、物质利益需求及精神需求。制定和完善婚姻制度首先应当研究和分析婚姻个体的动机结构,通过法律合理地引导婚姻当事人的婚姻行为,使之符合婚姻的社会利益和社会动机。