STIRring the grid: engaging energy systems design and planning in the context of urban sociotechnical imaginaries

Since the first electrification systems were established in the United States between 1910 and 1930, energy systems governance at the municipal level has included competing visions for how engineering design and energy policy-making should foster particular social outcomes. Using Phoenix as a representative metropolitan area, and the cases of distributed generation and in-home power management devices as examples, this paper explores how the norms and values embedded in energy systems design and planning shape how residents experience change in the energy grid. Through these case studies, the authors argue that such “sociotechnical imaginaries” – collectively formed visions of social life related to science and technology development – are a crucial, yet overlooked, pathway for social science to engage in fostering socially reflexive mechanisms in energy development. To conclude, the authors outline a research program for applying the established methodology of socio-technical integration research (STIR) in order to develop socially reflexive capacities in municipal energy producing, regulating, and planning institutions. Such a program has the ability to produce a deeper intellectual understanding of how energy development occurs, and in doing so generate new pathways for fostering cultural and material changes in the structure of contemporary energy systems.     

Should I Stay or Should I Go?

Abstract

Data from a longitudinal study of older adults in an upstate New York county (N = 333) show that poor housing “fit” increases the likelihood that older adults are currently considering a move, as does lower residential satisfaction. Those adults who said only that they “might consider moving” focused on health transitions that might signal a need for a new housing situation. Residential satisfaction predicts actual moves even when controlling for moving plans. Older adults may be “pushed” to make a move by a crisis, but those older adults planning moves tend to be “pulled” into housing arrangements with desirable features.     

The Cusum of Squares Test for Scale Changes in Infinite Order Moving Average Processes

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for a scale change in the infinite order moving average process X _j = _{i =0} a _{i j i} , where _j are i.i.d. r.v.s with E ₁ < for some > 0. In performing the test, a cusum of squares test statistic analogous to Inclan & Tiao's (1994) statistic is considered. It is well-known from the literature that outliers affect test procedures leading to false conclusions. In order to remedy this, a cusum of squares test based on trimmed observations is considered. It is demonstrated that this test is robust against outliers, is valid for infinite variance processes as well. Simulation results are given for illustration.     

Monitoring of autocorrelated general linear profiles

A collection of quality data represented by a functional relationship between response and explanatory variables is called a profile. In the literature, the errors of profiles are often assumed to be independent. However, quality data often exhibits time correlations in real applications. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate a general linear regression model with a between-profile autocorrelation. We propose a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the regression parameters, and an exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the standard deviation. A simulation study reveals that our proposed schemes outperform competing existing schemes based on the average run length criterion. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme.     

Maximum likelihood estimation of variance components-a Monte Carlo study

The estimation of the parameter of a mixed model analysis of variance by maximum likelihood methods is discussed. The functional iteration method is studied and found to have good comptuational properties. The estimates are studied via Monte Carlo techniques and their small sample properties are observed; it is found that the MLE's may be biased but that they have good Mean Square Error properties.     

Monitoring for Increases in Process Variance

Process variation is made up of a wandering mean (signal) and the variation of the process around this wandering mean (noise). The paper advocates a new process monitoring method that uses various forms of moving variances to signal changes in process noise or variance. The monitoring plans are compared to the current approaches in terms of their average run length properties.     

宁镇山脉汤—仑推覆构造研究

分析了宁镇山脉南带汤—仑推覆构造的主体构造与结构特征及与构造推覆有关的变形事件，并对整个推覆体推移的距离做了估算     

机载激光雷达成像畸变的仿真分析

针对激光成像雷达动态畸变问题，分析了雷达的目标成像；根据雷达载体六个自由度的运动产生畸变的机理，分别对机体每个自由度的运动引起的畸变进行了仿真研究，给出了二维平面目标或三维地面目标成像失真的仿真分析结果，这些结果对各种类型畸变给出了形象直观的描述。研究畸变的仿真软件对各种应用背景的激光成像雷达，研究和分析其修正畸变的需求与必要性是有价值的     

Some results on unilateral ARMA lattice processes

This paper presents several linked results on unilateral autoregressive moving average processes on a rectangular lattice. It is shown that axially symmetric two-dimensional quadrant processes must be separable. Exact forms for the inverse variance matrix are obtained in some cases, which allow exact Gaussian maximum likelihood estimation and simulation. It is shown that generating functions can be used for extrapolation. The herringbone simulation method is discussed.     

Likelihood ratio test-based chart for monitoring the process variability

This article proposes a new chart with the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test statistics for monitoring the process variance of a normally distributed process. The new chart can be easily designed and constructed and the computation results show that it provides quite a satisfactory performance, including the detection of the decrease in the variance and the individual observation at the sampling point which are very important in many practical applications. Average run length (ARL) comparisons between other procedures and the new chart are presented. The optimal parameters that can be used as a design aid in selecting specific parameter values based on the ARL are described. The application of our proposed method is illustrated by a real data example from chemical process control.