On the Existence of Monotone Pure‐Strategy Equilibria in Bayesian Games

We generalize Athey's (2001) and McAdams' (2003) results on the existence of monotone pure‐strategy equilibria in Bayesian games. We allow action spaces to be compact locally complete metric semilattices and type spaces to be partially ordered probability spaces. Our proof is based on contractibility rather than convexity of best‐reply sets. Several examples illustrate the scope of the result, including new applications to multi‐unit auctions with risk‐averse bidders.     

“一体多元”论

论述了“一体多元”理论内涵中的5项重要内容,即一体之“一”、一体之“体”、多元之“多”、多元之“元”以及心物相即的真相是“一体多元”;以此5项内容为根本,对“一体”、“多元”以及潜藏在或者生发在“一体”、“多元”中的“无体无元”做了一次原创性的区分与综合,并在这种区分与综合的辩证建构与解构中对其进行了分析。分析认为：人类生命的主观与宇宙万有的客观,即心物的根本特质就是“一体多元”,提示了人类心灵实践进向的新的可能性。     

基于动态规划多期期货套期保值优化模型研究

通过对套期保值者头寸价值变化量的分析,采用动态规划方法,建立了多期套期保值动态模型,推导出多期套期保值进行动态跟踪调整的策略。该模型的特点一是反映了期货交易费用在套期保值中的作用,解决了现有期货套期保值策略忽略交易费用的不足,提高了模型的准确性。二是考虑保证金对期货套期保值的影响。把期货交易保证金的机会损失纳入套期保值策略内,从而使套期保值直接反映了期货保证金无利息收入、而存在机会成本的真实情况,弥补了现有研究不考虑期货交易保证金的机会损失的缺陷。三是体现了套期保值者收益最大化的原则。解决了现有模型只考虑了规避期货和现货组合的价格波动风险,忽略组合的收益的弊端,增加了模型的实用性和适用性。     

基于多元文化的现代艺术设计主要特质及运用

在经济全球化的影响下,多元文化频繁地出现在设计领域。文章以中西方的造物哲学思想为依据,通过多元文化带给现代设计的现实意义,进一步阐明基于多元文化的现代设计主要特质,包括创作形式多样化、作品内容多元化、设计手段生态化以及民族性的国际表达;通过对多元文化在各设计领域的设计创作形式及作品文化内涵进行深入分析,以达到深入了解多元文化在各设计领域的具体运用目的,使多元文化衍生出更多的文化艺术形式。     

多元文化时代美术教育探索

文化多元化是当前世界发展的时代特征,多元文化对传统美术教育产生了巨大冲击。文章通过对多元文化时代特点的分析,阐述了当前世界多元文化背景下的美术教育现状及最新理念。在此基础上对中国多元文化的自身特点进行分析总结,对美术教育如何适应多元文化的时代发展提出了新的理念及建设性的发展建议。     

比较法视野下多层次争议解决条款的强制性

决定多层次争议解决条款初始层次的约定强制性问题的管辖权属于多层次争议解决条款最终层次所指向的争议解决机构。多层次争议解决条款初始层次的强制性取决于当事人约定的明确性。未能履行多层次争议解决条款中初始层次约定而产生的违约问题应当被识别为程序问题,守约方当事人据此应当获得程序法而非实体法上的救济。在初始层次约定尚未履行时,法院或仲裁庭应当暂停而非停止已经开始的诉讼或仲裁程序。     

Impact of Reseller's Forecasting Accuracy on Channel Member Performance

This article studies a three‐layer supply chain where a manufacturer sells a product through a reseller who then relies on its own salesperson to sell to the end market. The reseller has superior capability in demand forecasting relative to the manufacturer. We explore the main trade‐offs between the risk‐reduction effect and the information–asymmetry–aggravation effect of the improved forecasting accuracy. We show that under the optimal wholesale price contract, both the manufacturer and the reseller are always better off as the reseller's forecasting accuracy improves. Nevertheless, under the menu of two‐part tariffs, the manufacturer prefers the reseller to be either uninformed or perfectly informed about the market condition. We further find that the improved forecasting accuracy is beneficial for the reseller if its current forecasting system is either very poor or very good.     

Strategic Motive for Introducing Internet Channels in a Supply Chain

Rapid advances of information technology in recent years have enabled both the manufacturers and the retailers to operate their own Internet channels. In this study, we investigate the interaction between the capabilities of introducing the Internet channels, the pricing strategies, and the channel structure. We classify consumers into two segments: grocery shoppers attach a higher utility from purchasing through the physical channel, whereas a priori Internet shoppers prefer purchasing online. We find that when the Internet shoppers are either highly profitable or fairly unimportant, the manufacturer prefers to facilitate the channel separation either through his own Internet channel or the retailer's. In the intermediate region, however, the manufacturer encroaches the grocery shoppers and steals the demand from the retailer's physical channel. With horizontal competition between retailers, a priori symmetric retailers may adopt different channel strategies as a stable market equilibrium. The manufacturer may willingly give up his Internet channel and leverage on the retailer competition. When the manufacturer sells through an online e‐tailer, Internet shoppers may be induced to purchase through the physical channel. This reverse encroachment strategy emerges because selling through the e‐tailer leads to a more severe double marginalization problem.     

多层次医疗保障体系中的商业医疗保险的定位

商业医疗保险是多层次医疗保障体系的重要组成部分。本文拟从商业医疗保险的界定、发展商业医疗保险的必要性、我国商业医疗保险存在的问题及其原因以及我国商业医疗保险的发展前景四个方面展开论述 ,说明我国商业医疗保险面临的机遇与挑战     

“十三五”时期社会保障建设的成就、问题与展望

“十三五”时期中国社会保障事业在社会救助、社会保险、社会福利及优抚政策方面取得了历史性进展,社会保障制度体系逐步完善,覆盖范围不断扩大,保障水平稳步提高,管理服务日趋规范,建成了世界上规模最大的社会保障体系,切实增强了人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。“十四五”期间,面对新形势、新挑战,中国社会保障需要在社保政策定位、保障对象甄别、社保层次划分方面进行深化改革,不断提高社会保障建设质量,满足人民群众更高需求。