柔化供应链管理的基本方法初探

实施柔性管理是现代企业提高其竞争力的重要手段 ,处于供应链上的企业特别是核心企业必须提高其所在供应链的柔性以提高其竞争能力。文章主要研究了使企业供应链柔性化的几个基本方法     

Creative placemaking and the NEA: unpacking a multi-level governance

The role of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) in shaping the arts and cultural sector is not well understood. In this paper, I focus on the development of the governance of the creative placemaking policy to unpack the complexity of the role of the NEA. Governance is used to refer to collective action designed to achieve a general interest through different actors from both the government and civic society. I use intergovernmental relations theory to capture governance dynamics in creative placemaking. In particular, I focus on three main tools developed by the NEA to spur a multi-level governance: research, grants, and partnerships. What emerges is that the role of the NEA in the development of the creative placemaking policy is multifaceted as it includes offering and leveraging funding, shaping the conversation, providing insights, and spurring collaborations. These actions create a multi-level governance based on a dynamic exchange between national and local governments, and the involvement of a variety of actors from civil society.     

基于挣值管理有效模型的挣值动态预测研究

项目挣值管理是公认的项目管理工具,它整合了项目成本与进度 ,通过偏差分析为项目经理提供了定量的项目状况信息,为预测项目的最终成本和进度提供了有效的解决办法。依托挣值管理有效模型并在此基础之上进行改良,采用多层次模糊综合评判与数量化方法探析动态的挣值预测模型。以项目过程风险识别和分析为导向,根据预测值分析项目的健康状况和集成化管理改进。     

分布决策环境下生产-分销协同计划研究

针对分布决策环境下因信息不对称使得供应链协同计划求解困难及难以达到全局最优的问题,本文利用多层规划理论和方法构建一个供应链生产-分销协同计划模型,采用模糊交互式协商和遗传算法的优化求解方法对协同计划模型进行求解。该方法求解的结果是一组满足约束条件的满意解,各节点企业根据自身偏好和约束信息决定是否接受该满意解,或者修正各自目标满意度隶属函数重新求解。决策过程具有一定的柔性。最后通过算例给出供应链生产-分销协同计划满意解的求解过程,对文中所建立的模型和算法进行了有效地说明和验证。求解结果说明该模型和协商方法能够有效地解决非对称信息条件下供应链生产-分销协同计划的求解和冲突问题。     

A prior for the variance in hierarchical models

The choice of prior distributions for the variances can be important and quite difficult in Bayesian hierarchical and variance component models. For situations where little prior information is available, a ‘nonin-formative’ type prior is usually chosen. ‘Noninformative’ priors have been discussed by many authors and used in many contexts. However, care must be taken using these prior distributions as many are improper and thus, can lead to improper posterior distributions. Additionally, in small samples, these priors can be ‘informative’. In this paper, we investigate a proper ‘vague’ prior, the uniform shrinkage prior (Strawder-man 1971; Christiansen & Morris 1997). We discuss its properties and show how posterior distributions for common hierarchical models using this prior lead to proper posterior distributions. We also illustrate the attractive frequentist properties of this prior for a normal hierarchical model including testing and estimation. To conclude, we generalize this prior to the multivariate situation of a covariance matrix.     

A new framework for understanding subnational policy-making and local choice

This article presents a new and innovative framework to help analyse policy-making and depoliticisation within subnational governance arrangements. By focusing on the capacity (not the autonomy) of subnational governments to achieve their political objectives, and incorporating external actors along both the vertical and horizontal dimensions, it provides a dynamic tool to understand the extent to which municipal governments influence local policy-making processes. Furthermore, it stresses that greater ‘localism’ (or independence) between vertical tiers of government is likely to weaken subnational bodies and result in them becoming more interdependent with (or even dependent on) horizontal non-state actors within the locality. This would weaken their position in local governance arrangements and exacerbate the depoliticised nature of decision-making.     

当代中国哲学的回省与未来展开

中国哲学的新一轮展开,必须在反省与检讨当前中国哲学研究状况中寻找与发现出路的希望;迫切需要在马克思主义、自由主义与守成主义之间的仇视与敌对的消解中走向和平与平等的积极互动的对话,保持中国哲学乃至一切文化学术的多元并存与共同繁荣;尽管有必要借鉴西方哲学的概念与方法,但是必须不失"自性";必须尽力地主动倡导,积极参与和推进世界全景交往理论的筹划与建构:需要在当代与可能的未来世界哲学背景中以全景式的或全方位的各种可能的途径与可能的层面来"十字打开"地展现和发展自己,形成一种多元多层相互影响与渗透的立体网络结构的动态的综合进路;除了正统的理论思辨的哲学大道的继续进行之外,还必须开辟当代新儒学、新墨学、新佛学,重建中国哲学的知识论,建立中医哲学、茶道哲学、养生哲学、艺术哲学等进路.     

高校贫困生社会资助中存在的问题及对策分析

高校贫困生社会资助是现有资助体系的重要补充。本文通过对实地调查资料的分析,认为目前社会资助存在的一系列问题制约了资助工作的有效开展,因此,高校要切实转变观念、完善制度建设和加快育人模式改革,这对于整合多种资助资源、完善现有资助体系、满足贫困生的多层次需求具有重要意义。     

A quartered typology of welfare attitudes: Evidence from the World Values Survey Wave 7

Based on a typological approach and data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 and utilising the comparative method of variation-finding and a multi-level mixed-effects model, this study formulated a quartered typology of welfare attitudes on the country level informed by people's attitudes towards government responsibility for social welfare (welfare attitudes) and their associations with socio-political orientation. This typology substantiated the cross-national variations in welfare attitudes. Outcome measures included Welfare Attitudes Score, and explanatory measures included subjective social class and political orientation score. This study concludes that country-specific welfare attitudes and their associations with political orientation inform an empirically quartered typology of welfare attitudes. Implications feature closer examinations of within-country variances of welfare attitudes and the correlations of country-specific intercepts and coefficients and highlight further theoretical and conceptual examination and substantiation of this new typology of welfare attitudes.