言意差异意域的排斥与补充

汉语表达中的言意差异意域,具有丰富的表现形式及修辞作用,理解言意差异意域的方法有单向排斥、单向补充、双向互补、单向排斥补充、双向排斥补充。     

供应链环境下企业采购系统功能单元协调流程研究

供应链环境下企业采购管理应引入协调管理理念与方法,以促进采购系统整体优化。本文以企业采购系统为研究切入点,对供应链环境下采购系统协调进行定义,结合采购系统内不同功能单元的相互关系提出功能单元协调流程,并进一步讨论采购商主控中心Agent协调流程。该研究为供应链环境下企业采购管理提供了一种整体协调思路与方法,为企业采购实践提供理论参考,并为深入研究采购协调管理及机制设计提供有益借鉴。     

最优故障诊断系统设计

为改善系统的故障诊断性能，在设备设计阶段考虑增加故障诊断子系统是十分必要的．本文从信息论的观点，提出了确定系统中最优状态检测器数目及其安装位置的方法，研究结果为指导故障诊断系统的设计提供了科学依据．     

A note on interpenetrating subsamples of unequal sizes drawn with and without replacement

In this article it is shown how one can gain in efficiency in selecting K interpenetrating subsamples of unequal sizes according to Chaudhuri and Adhikary's (1987) scheme rather than selecting them with replacement and considering the estimator based on distinct units as proposed by Bedi(1987).     

The revival of macrosociology: Methodological issues of discontinuity in comparative-historical theory

Three forms of discontinuity in social structure produce linked analogous problems about aggregates or wholes: discontinuity in units, discontinuity in time, and discontinuity in variables. Problems of macrotheory, of comparative-historical theory, and of levels of theory are analytically equivalent. Discontinuity in processes between different units produces macro-micro problems when processes involving individuals are different from processes involving larger aggregates. Discontinuity in time refers to the fact that in most dynamic processes, time does not appear homogeneous — if a process occurs in a century, that is not necessarily any reason to suppose that 1/100th of the process occurs in a year. Discontinuity in variables refers to the fact that all variables cannot operate coherently in the same explanatory system. These three discontinuities each produce problems of generalization and scope — problems getting from particular observed relationships to the underlying conditions and determinants of those relationships. For example, temporal discontinuity leads to problems of periodization and of stages. These problems are most visible in comparative-historical theory and they can only be resolved by comparative-historical data.     

Sustaining growth in the modern enterprise: A case study

This paper describes a model developed to demonstrate the constancy of and virtual need for change in a sustaining organization. Several executives from different organizations were interviewed in order to capture the dynamics structure. Essential variables were listed and causal modeling was used to obtain important relationships. Equations of interrelationships among the variables were developed. Validation of the model was performed at two levels: (1) validation of the structure as suggested by the causal modeling process using a new methodology and (2) validation of the emergent behavior by using case studies of industries which have different time rates of evolution.     

北京市体育社会组织发展研究

通过分析北京市体育社会组织发展现状,认为北京市体育社会组织数量相对不足,滞后于当地经济社会发展;在成立方式上,"官办模式"依然占据合法社会组织的主流;在管理机制上,限制约束机制强于扶持培育机制;体育社会组织发展同时存在资金、人才、场地等因素的制约。建议完善培育措施、营造宽松政策环境、改变管理思想与模式。     

Pawns or Pioneers? The Logic of User Participation in Anti‐poverty Policy‐making in Public Policy Units in Belgium

Since anti‐poverty policy‐making in Belgium is embedded in a logic of user participation, social policy has shown interest in employing users with experience of poverty as experts in public policy units in order to implement and monitor anti‐poverty policies. In this article, we discuss this recent development as a relevant case for contemporary public service delivery in the European context. In the light of the ambiguous practices of user participation in Belgium, the enacted logic of involving service users in public service delivery is discussed, and potential risks and opportunities identified: do these individuals function as pawns or as pioneers? In search of opportunities for the implementation of anti‐poverty policies, we explore different ways in which public policy units can act upon the participation of employed service users in public service delivery. On the level of public service delivery, we argue that the participation of expert users risks their use as a mere blind, de‐responsibilizing those who work in public policy units in providing high‐quality services and being responsive to all service users including those living in poverty. On the level of these individual experts, we argue that the employed service users risk becoming pawns, acquiring a tragic‐optimistic outlook on life. We conclude that enabling service users to participate as pioneers requires the joint and mutual responsibility of the employed service users and those who work in public policy units for implementing and monitoring anti‐poverty strategies rather than exclusive responsibility assigned to individual service users.     

Cyclic Polygonal Designs with Block Size 3 and Joint Distance α = 2

Polygonal designs are useful in survey sampling in terms of balanced sampling plans excluding contiguous units (BSECs) and balanced sampling plans excluding adjacent units (BSAs). In this article, the method of cyclic shifts has been used for the construction of cyclic polygonal designs (in terms of BSAs) with block size k = 3 and λ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 for joint distance α = 2 and 51 new designs for treatments v ≤ 100 are given.     

A note on the nonexistence of the constant block-sum balanced incomplete block designs

Abstract

Due to important practical applications and considerations in biomedical clinical trials, fixed block-sum designs are of interest. We show that in general, the constant block-sum balanced incomplete block designs do not exist.