Spatial Health Factors with Selection Among Multiple Causes: Lung Cancer in U.S. Counties

Composite morbidity indices summarize geographic inequalities in disease, and are used to distribute resources. A spatial latent variable approach is developed for such an index, focusing on lung cancer in 3,141 U.S. counties. The model incorporates multiple indicators (cancer deaths and incidence), but also allows for population risk variables (area socio-economic, environmental, and smoking indicators) that affect lung cancer, and for missingness among indicators or risk variables. Selection of significant causes is illustrated, including nonadaptive and adaptive selection. To reflect geographic clustering in lung cancer, the latent morbidity index is spatially correlated, although the level of correlation is data determined.     

The generalised inverse form of canonical correlation

The generalised inverse equations for the canonical correlation problem are derived using a minimum distance principle which-is shown to be equivalent to the usual maximum correlation formulation.     

On some optimal selection procedures for weibull populations

Consider k (k >(>)2) Weibull populations. We shall derive a method of constructing optimal selection procedures to select a subset of the k populations containing the best population which control the size of the selected subset and which maximises the minimum probability of making a correct selection. Procedures and results are derived for the case when sample sizes are unequal. Some tables and figures are given at the end of this paper.     

Estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses using the pattern of observed p-values

Estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, π₀, has attracted much attention in the recent statistical literature. Besides its apparent relevance for a set of specific scientific hypotheses, an accurate estimate of this parameter is key for many multiple testing procedures. Most existing methods for estimating π₀ in the literature are motivated from the independence assumption of test statistics, which is often not true in reality. Simulations indicate that most existing estimators in the presence of the dependence among test statistics can be poor, mainly due to the increase of variation in these estimators. In this paper, we propose several data-driven methods for estimating π₀ by incorporating the distribution pattern of the observed p-values as a practical approach to address potential dependence among test statistics. Specifically, we use a linear fit to give a data-driven estimate for the proportion of true-null p-values in (λ, 1] over the whole range [0, 1] instead of using the expected proportion at 1?λ. We find that the proposed estimators may substantially decrease the variance of the estimated true null proportion and thus improve the overall performance.     

Combining multi‐observer information in partially rank‐ordered judgment post‐stratified and ranked set samples

This paper develops two sampling designs to create artificially stratified samples. These designs use a small set of experimental units to determine their relative ranks without measurement. In each set, the units are ranked by all available observers (rankers), with ties whenever the units cannot be ranked with high confidence. The rankings from all the observers are then combined in a meaningful way to create a single weight measure. This weight measure is used to create judgment strata in both designs. The first design constructs the strata through judgment post‐stratification after the data has been collected. The second design creates the strata before any measurements are made on the experimental units. The paper constructs estimators and confidence intervals, and develops testing procedures for the mean and median of the underlying distribution based on these sampling designs. We show that the proposed sampling designs provide a substantial improvement over their competitor designs in the literature. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 304–324; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada     

Simultaneous estimation of λs for poisson distributions

Consider the problem of simultaneously estimating an integral power of the parameters of POISSOK populations using independent samples. Let the loss be the sum of quadratic losses for the components. An estimator which is better than the unbiased esti¬mator is obtained     

Simultaneous Tests for Independence Among Components of Random Vector by Step-Down Multiple Comparison Procedure

In this article, we consider testing independence among components of random vector in multivariate normal population. For testing independence, we use the modified likelihood ratio test statistic which is improved an approximation to χ² distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic. In order to perform simultaneous tests for independence among components of random vector, we use the step-down multiple comparison procedure based on the closed testing procedure proposed by Marcus et al. (1976 Marcus , R. , Peritz , E. , Gabriel , K. R. ( 1976 ). On closed testing procedures with special reference to ordered analysis of variance . Biometrika 63 : 655 – 660 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulations and present numerical results.     

三十年来澳门地区课程政策的理论反思

针对澳门30年来的课程政策所作的理论反思,确认了澳门的课程政策正由过去放任自流或是偏于学校自主的校本或是地方分权的课程政策转而成为各方持分者的共同享有、共同负责、共有负责的课程政策;又,由课程意义的界定和课程框架的调整二项,归纳出澳门的课程政策正由传统单一朝向进步多元论推进的结论.     

后股改时期上市公司股利政策研究

股权分置改革是我国证券市场制度的重大变革,由此产生的上市公司股东结构和股权属性变化以及公司治理和资本市场的变化,都将对公司股利政策产生影响。以上海证券交易所2005—2007年所有正常交易公司的股利政策为研究对象,探讨股权分置改革后股利政策的特点和趋势。大力发展机构投资者、规范现金股利分配数量、减少行政干预将有助于巩固股权分置改革成果,为股利政策奠定良好的制度基础。     

农村公共物品自主供给机制的经济学分析

在政府与市场之外,农村公共物品由农村社区内农户自主供给不失为一种有效率的方式.农村公共物品自主供给机制的内在机理在于社会资本促使农户一致行动能力的形成,从而有效破解集体行动的困境.通过构建农村公共物品自主供给模型,探讨在相关约束条件下自主供给机制形成的均衡条件,并分析农村公共物品的最优供给数量和参与农户的最优规模.