Democracy and human development: recent legislation in India

Human Development (HD) requires that development must accompany fundamental human concerns that make life worth living. It is surprising that despite being a democracy, India performs poorly on HD. In this backdrop, four pieces of legislation of different orientations have been passed since 1998–99: ‘Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana’, the ‘Right to Information’, the ‘National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ and the ‘Right to Education’. Where successful, they have empowered the beneficiaries. Though not expressed as such, nor exclusively directed to this end, these pieces of legislation are bound together with democracy's demand for HD: they are influenced externally by various aspects of globalisation; internally, development is continuously interrogated by democracy, competitive politics and social activism.     

中国互助文化下现代公务员的角色困境

中国传统的互助文化以亲缘互助、地缘互助、业缘互助和圈子互助的形式表现,它刻印在中国人的思想观念中。赋予了民权的现代公务员,要求其角色真正体现为民行政。因此,规范和培育现代公务员势在必行。     

跨文化情景下的文化认同与和谐相处——以在美国阿肯色大学的学习生活经历为例

以美国阿肯色大学跨文化交流的经历为背景,以具体文化情景下的不同感受和体验为基础,揭示了在跨文化交流的情景下文化认同的两种表现:既表现为因语言相同或相近、宗教信仰相同、地域相近或相邻而产生的亲近感和归属感;也表现为因文化差异而产生的吸引或冲突。而在这种跨文化交流的情景下要实现和谐相处,就要做到"我"与"他者"之间文化上的"欣赏"与"分享",即"文化的互为主体性",而这种和谐的实现源于人类本性的相通,即"人类心灵的共同点"。     

交互认识论：群众路线的新思路

群众路线的认识论是交互认识论,强调了“干-群”双主体之间的对等性、互动性和主体性原则,因而彰显了群众的主体性地位,摒弃了主客体对立的认识论思路,是历史唯物主义在认识论与本体论、辩证法上相一致的表达。通过交互认识,领导与群众形成共同知识与共同信念,在一个不断信息更新、信念修正、信息域和知识域增大的动态过程中,实现领导与群众的利益与责任的一致、手段与目标的一致。     

冲突与达鹄:公众参与视野下的长三角公共冲突事件分析——基于2010-2012年的案例

以2010-2012年发生在长三角的公共冲突事件为例,运用案例比较分析方法,对公众参与和公共冲突事件的关系进行分析。研究发现:长三角地区的公共冲突事件起因多与公众的经济权益受损相关,作为中间变量,社会公众往往以非制度化参与致使冲突升级为"威胁","迫使"上级政府出面协调各方利益并终止公共冲突。分析表明:赋予并落实公众公共事务参与权利,有助于解决中国当前面临的公共冲突问题。     

控制性赋权:基层政府精准扶贫的实践逻辑——基于国家级贫困县J村的田野考察

“赋权”是理解精准扶贫政策的重要视角。田野考察发现基层扶贫实践既有“赋权”又有变通的“控制”,由此导致了扶贫过程中“精准”程度有所差异,为此,需要从基层政府的行动逻辑分析精准扶贫的实践逻辑。研究发现,地方政府从外部选派驻村扶贫工作队,由于较少受到当地社会网络的约束使其能够“理性行动”,但在“限期”脱贫的目标责任制下,基层的扶贫工作队受到了“规避责任”与“追求政绩”的双重约束,故此工作队根据自利原则策略性地选择了赋权或控制策略。进一步考察发现,扶贫工作队主要通过利用传统权力结构、地方性知识及现代化知识话语“异化”赋权策略,从而构建了“控制性赋权”的实践逻辑。基于此,地方政府应着力于构建“外派”与“内生”相结合的基层扶贫工作队,设置部分基于“赋权”“参与”的考核指标,培训提高扶贫干部对贫困户的尊重和理解,从而使得长效脱贫的精准扶贫政策能够得以执行。     

论语言性别差异与社会文化的互构

社会文化在人们的实践活动中建构语言性别差异,同时语言性别差异诱导和暗示社会文化的变化和发展,语言性别差异和社会文化处于互构的关系中.在语言性别差异和社会文化的互构关系中,后者的作用具有决定和主导的作用,不能夸大前者对后者的建构影响.     

我国建立网络大学有关问题的探讨

针对我国高等教育的实际情况,综合论述了建立网络大学的必要性,从理论和实践两方面探讨了高校建立网络大学所需的技术环境和资金筹集模式.     

Engagement strategies and change: an intentional practice response for the child welfare worker in cases of domestic violence

In order to engage mothers who are victims of domestic abuse, the child welfare worker needs to be challenged to develop an intentional practice response that includes knowledge and skill concerning the complexities of domestic violence, as well as the process of change. Developing a supportive relationship, understanding the stages of change (SOC) and engaging mothers as leaders in the change process are essential to successful child protection outcomes. Within the context of the SOC model, this practice‐based paper focuses on the importance of engaging mothers who are victims of domestic violence in conversations about their own unique dilemmas, challenges and barriers regarding change. Through the inclusion of engagement strategies such as signs of safety, active listening and cost/benefit analysis, in concert with the SOC theory, the child welfare worker would be equipped with an approach to successfully assist mothers through their change journey, ultimately keeping children safe.     

The “Our Homes,Not Nursing Homes” Project

ABSTRACT

The voices of non-elderly adults with disabilities who currently-or used to-reside in nursing homes are rarely heard. A grassroots disability advocacy organization conducts participatory action research in the form of a writing workshop in collaboration with a local community-college. Participants with disabilities describe their lives and their experiences in nursing homes with the help of volunteer scribes. The information provided in their accounts will help strengthen community-organizing efforts of the disability advocacy organization. And participants have been empowered by the realization that their life stories are helping others to leave nursing homes and join community settings.