农业互助合作运动中的农民心态——以太行边区壶关县为中心(1945-1949)

农业互助合作运动是中共统一战线策略在生产实践中的典型应用。通过动员与组织农民进行互助合作,在保障物质利益的同时,最大限度地争取了农村各阶层的团结,进而有效地巩固了农村抗日民族统一战线。农民在革命中心态的变化在一定程度上决定了互助合作运动的成效,以及统一战线的加强。以太行边区壶关县为个案,分析不同时期各阶层对互助合作的解读与诠释,揭示农民在革命与变革中的心态趋向及其表露出的历史真相。     

试论社区体育与学校体育的互动发展

随着社区体育的崛起,学校体育与社区体育紧密相联。本文从学校体育教育的最终目的出发,针对当前社区体育存在的滞后性、盲目性等现状,用推动全民健身运动的思想再认识学校体育与社区体育的发展要求。     

Sociopolitical control among parents of school-age children in a post-socialist city

This study explored sociopolitical control among parents of school-age children in a suburban municipality of a large post-socialist city. The participants completed a questionnaire that asked them about their sense of sociopolitical control in terms of leadership competence and policy control, as well as about other aspects of their lives, including mental health. The findings show that the participants have a greater sense of sociopolitical control in terms of leadership competence than in terms of policy control. Moreover, the findings show that voting in the last presidential election and degree of depression influenced negatively the sense of leadership competence among parti-cipants. Within the context of empowerment, the findings have implications for practice which focuses on consumer-based activities that allow citizens more leadership opportunities and control at the local level. Future research is needed that replicates this study, taking into account its limitations. In order for citizens in post-socialist countries to create civil societies at the same time that they implement market economies, they must be empowered. Some evidence suggests that several factors, including mental health problems, may influence the sense of empowerment among citizens in post-socialist coun-tries. Within the context of empowerment, this study examines sociopolitical control among citizens in a suburb of a large post-socialist city. The findings in the study have implications for social welfare practice in this city and for future research.     

Family participation in child protection practice: an observational study of family group meetings

Over the past two decades, child protection authorities internationally have begun to implement models of family participation in child protection decision‐making. Debate exists about the extent to which these models promote family involvement in decision‐making. While a significant body of research on family and professional experience and perceptions of models of family participation in decision‐making has emerged, there has been little observational research of these approaches. In this paper, we report on observational data from 11 family group meetings (FGMs) in a child protection context in Queensland, Australia. Under Queensland child protection law, these meetings are referred to as an inclusive process for child protection decision‐making and planning. We draw on observational data to analyse how family inclusion in child protection decision‐making is facilitated, or limited, by the FGM process. We consider tensions in the realization of a participatory ethos in child protection services systems and discuss what practitioners can practically do to enhance family participation in child protection decision‐making.     

论技术赋能背景下的环境法法典化——迈向智慧型环境法典

随着大数据、人工智能、遥感遥测等新兴信息技术应用于环境监管实践的程度不断加深,技术赋能已然成为当前及今后开展环境治理的重要途径,也成为环境法法典化的时代背景。然而,技术赋能在提高环境治理效率的同时也挑战了现有环境法范式:一是新兴信息技术介入环境实践引发了新的不公正现象,使实体性环境正义和程序性环境正义都受到了挑战;二是环境法律规则滞后于治理需求,由于在环境法律规制场景中,以技术代码等为主的"算法程序"能够成为实然层面的"环境法律规则",会导致权利义务失衡;三是环境监管过程中大量运用新兴信息技术,可能出现数据失真、算法偏见、规制俘获等风险,影响环境监管部门在决策、监督、管理及执行等过程中的职能履行效果。随着环境法典编纂提上议程,如何权衡技术赋能的风险与收益成为亟待解决之题。由于技术赋能环境治理突破了既有环境法范式,出现环境治理场景去人工化和环境法律规制在线化现象,这意味着技术成为环境治理和环境法律规制场域的介入因素,导致环境治理实践面临社会系统和规制系统双重"脱域"之境遇。可见在大数据时代,不仅要关注环境法典编纂的篇章结构、规范体系等具体问题,也要立足环境法范式转型之时代需求,为研究环境法典的未来样态提供理论支撑。因此,技术赋能背景下的环境法法典化要在祛魅技术风险的同时保障治理效能,并逐渐迈向智慧型环境法典。其一,要塑造新型环境法典理念,重构环境法与新兴信息技术之间的关系,以回应技术赋能对传统环境正义所带来的冲击,进而形成能被环境法共同体所接受的共有价值,实现数字环境正义;其二,要结合新兴信息技术改造环境法律规则,实现环境法律规则与技术代码的沟通,并以此为基础创新环境法律规则形式;其三,智慧型环境法典要关注风险预防,实现风险与收益相平衡,利用新兴信息技术建立智慧型环境风险防治机制,提高事前、事中及事后全流程环境风险防治效能。     

诺曼·安吉尔国际政治思想解读

诺曼·安吉尔作为国际关系研究领域自由主义的重要代表人物,其政治思想体系主要包含欧洲工业化国家间的相互依赖致使战争不可获益,科学引导公众观念和集体安全思想三大部分。本文首先分析安吉尔国际政治思想产生的时代背景,进而系统解析其思想体系的主要构成,最后考察其思想的理论和现实意义。     

语言的相互信息论

在阐述信息论的基础上，以英语单词take为例，对单词之间的搭配力进行分析，得出相互信息值在研究词语搭配方面具有独特优势的结论。最后论述相互信息值在语料库语言学的搭配研究中也存在不足的问题。     

互利主义：道德经济人的基本行为准则

"经济人"奉行利己主义行为准则,"道德人"奉行利他主义行为准则。"道德经济人"实质是"经济人"与"道德人"的统一和融合,因此,"道德经济人"的基本行为准则是互利主义。     

Neither Silent nor Invisible: A Comparison of Two Participative Projects Involving Older Lesbians and Gay Men in the United Kingdom

This article offers a comparative review of two participative projects involving older lesbians and gay men (OLG) in different parts of the United Kingdom. Both projects set out to promote local networks of OLGs, support and facilitate their input and commentary on local services and act as a prototype model of consultation that might be taken up and used in other areas. The authors review some of the challenges and achievements of each project and critically compare the two initiatives. Discussion of each stage of the projects includes an appraisal of the relative strengths and weaknesses of their different elements. Emphasis is placed upon the concern to involve OLGs at every level and stage of each project and how this was achieved. Reference to relevant policy provides a backdrop to a discussion of the practical considerations in setting up time-limited projects of this nature. Consideration of some of the outcomes of each project with emphasis upon the implications for utilising similar participative approaches in future consultation and inclusion initiatives is provided.     

Measures of dependence for the multivariate t distribution with applications to the stock market

Two measures of dependence for multivariate t and Cauchy random variables are developed based on Kullback–Leibler number. The mutual information number T(X) is obtained in a closed expression form, as well as its asymptotic distribution. A dependence coefficient ρ₁, is defined (based on the Kullback–Leibler number) with the properties of ρ₁=0 indicating independence and ρ₁=1indicating degeneracy. Two real life examples from the stock market are used to analyze the level of dependence and correlation among stocks.