Financing Innovation Development in the Context of Foreign Experience and Domestic Practice

The importance of innovation development is determined by the strategic role that true innovations play in the development of the state and the formation of a healthy, competitive economy. The organization of massive industrial production—which applies advanced technological achievements and science-intensive knowledge to form an infrastructure for innovation—should be a key component of the government’s strategic policy to develop the national economy. In Russia, the infrastructure for innovation is less developed than other industrialized countries. This article considers the consequences of this underdevelopment, and proposes several ways of financing basic and applied research on the basis of foreign precedent and domestic practice.     

Extending social security coverage to the rural sector in China

In late 2009 China launched an innovative, voluntary programme that by 2011 had extended pension coverage to 326.4 million people in the rural sector, including contributors and beneficiaries. It requires one contribution per year and provides a flat‐rate benefit and a contributions‐related benefit through a contributory individual account, with a government guarantee that the benefit will continue for life. The programme encourages participation of persons who do not pay income taxes, and thus have no tax incentive to participate, by providing substantial government subsidies. As a further incentive, old‐age benefits are provided to older parents when all their adult children participate in the contributory programme.     

Protecting the economic health of the poor in India: Are health mutuals the right medicine?

In addition to government‐sponsored health insurance schemes (GSHIS), many microfinance institutions (MFIs) and community‐based organizations (CBOs) in India have started microinsurance health insurance schemes. These include health mutuals for the benefit of their members. This article explores these as an alternative health‐financing model in India. A literature search produced 926 relevant publications. After applying advanced search options and removing duplicates, abstracts of 324 papers were read and then 47 papers reviewed, and finally 29 were included in this review. Five key themes emerged: (1) “Health for all” arguments and opportunities in favour of micro health insurance schemes; (2) micro health insurance products; (3) impact of micro health insurance schemes; (4) systematic irregularities and regulatory framework; and (5) innovation. We also look at the emerging market patterns that will define micro health insurance products. Health mutuals can effectively provide mass health protection to the poor and not so poor through efficient business models, bespoke benefit packages and multiple payment plans. They can reduce financial vulnerability and improve health outcomes. While GSHIS can cover a substantial tranche of expected health‐related costs, the balance can be supplemented through innovative financial products that reduce financial risk.     

中国互助文化下现代公务员的角色困境

中国传统的互助文化以亲缘互助、地缘互助、业缘互助和圈子互助的形式表现,它刻印在中国人的思想观念中。赋予了民权的现代公务员,要求其角色真正体现为民行政。因此,规范和培育现代公务员势在必行。     

跨文化情景下的文化认同与和谐相处——以在美国阿肯色大学的学习生活经历为例

以美国阿肯色大学跨文化交流的经历为背景,以具体文化情景下的不同感受和体验为基础,揭示了在跨文化交流的情景下文化认同的两种表现:既表现为因语言相同或相近、宗教信仰相同、地域相近或相邻而产生的亲近感和归属感;也表现为因文化差异而产生的吸引或冲突。而在这种跨文化交流的情景下要实现和谐相处,就要做到"我"与"他者"之间文化上的"欣赏"与"分享",即"文化的互为主体性",而这种和谐的实现源于人类本性的相通,即"人类心灵的共同点"。     

交互认识论：群众路线的新思路

群众路线的认识论是交互认识论,强调了“干-群”双主体之间的对等性、互动性和主体性原则,因而彰显了群众的主体性地位,摒弃了主客体对立的认识论思路,是历史唯物主义在认识论与本体论、辩证法上相一致的表达。通过交互认识,领导与群众形成共同知识与共同信念,在一个不断信息更新、信念修正、信息域和知识域增大的动态过程中,实现领导与群众的利益与责任的一致、手段与目标的一致。     

金融发展、融资约束与战略性新兴产业发展

战略性新兴产业发展需要大量的资金投入,过高的外部融资成本已经成为阻碍战略性新兴产业发展的重要因素.促进战略性新兴产业发展,已经成为一个亟待解决的问题.文章利用2011-2014年七大战略性新兴产业422家上市公司15个季度的面板数据,分别考察了中国银行业与股票市场发展对战略性新兴产业发展的影响.实证结果显示,七大战略性新兴产业的融资约束具有异质性,节能环保产业、高端装备制造业和生物医药产业融资约束较小,新材料、新一代信息技术、新能源汽车和新能源产业具有更大的融资约束.进一步研究发现,金融发展缓解了战略性新兴产业的融资约束,其中股票市场发展较银行发展更能缓解战略性新兴产业的融资约束.     

技术创新融资风险评价模型与实证研究

针对型技术创新融资过程中融资风险难以量化及融资风险评价主体的模糊性问题,建立企业举债背景下的权益资本报酬率服从正态分布 N E,σ2()的融资风险量化与评价模型,将该模型应用于高新技术企业上市公司技术创新融资项目进行实证分析,结果显示,对融资风险量化的准确性高,且融资风险评价模型实用性强,为企业技术创新融资过程中的风险管理决策提供合理依据。     

中国农村民间借贷市场融资约束环境下利率定价模型分析——以广东农村实地调查数据为例

通过对广东农户民间借贷行为实地调查的问卷进行数据分析,了解农村民间借贷中的资金供求关系,发现存在的融资约束问题,进而对融资约束环境下民间借贷资金利率定价过程进行实证分析;着重考察农村民间借贷利率受公共信息和私人信息影响的程度,从借款人和贷款人的角度分别建立定价模型进行经验分析。结果显示,定价模型在F检验1%水平上显著,其他模型具有R2的统计显著性;反映借款用途的变量在10%水平上显著,其他变量均在5%水平上显著。这说明该市场利率能够反映公共信息的影响,借款人和贷款人的利率定价也反映了各自私人信息中相关风险和财务能力因素的影响,得到的经验结论主要是:第一,农村民间借贷市场是自主交易的金融市场;第二,其利率定价过程基本市场化。     

论公司理财权力竞争与运用

从公司理财权力概念、基本特征着手,分析了公司理财中客观上存在着的理财权力竞争。认为公司理财权力的价值、金字塔形的组织结构、资源的稀缺、绩效标准、环境的不确定性、权谋倾向,意见分歧是公司理财权力竞争的动因;公司及公司利益相关者可以通过法定程序、特殊才能和资源、特殊的行为等途径获得公司理财权力;公司理财人员要善于运用法定权力、奖酬权力、强制权力、专家权力和参照权力。