土家语环境分析及保护之管见

民族语言是民族的灵魂,是最具民族特征的非物质文化。土家语是接近濒危的一个语种,无论是它的地理环境还是它人文环境,对它长期生存都十分不利。为此,有必要对土家语采取一些有效的保护措施,给它营造一种宽松的生存环境,让它长期生存下去。     

On the conditions of authority in academic publics

The discourse of some of the most powerful public figures in today’s world is often incoherent and nonsensical. Incoherent yet authoritative discourse shows that authority does not rest in language but results from non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions. The non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions are exemplified in an Australian case‐study of a media debate between the Immigration Minister and a refugee, drawing on research by Smith‐Khan (2019a, 2019b). Two such conditions are then examined with reference to academic publics. First, I ask which languages do or do not carry authority, before moving on to speaker identity as a condition of authority. The close association between English and academic excellence has resulted in diminishing the authority of academic publications in languages other than English. The same is true of publications by women and people of colour. I close by reflecting on referencing practices as forms of extending authoritativeness to voices in excluded languages and from excluded scholars in academic publics.     

Design of ISD-1: an instrument for social diagnosis in care homes for older persons*

This article describes the design process and main features of an instrument developed for use in the specialist area of intervention in care homes for older persons. The essential aim of ISD-1 (instrument for social diagnosis) is to permit the correct formulation of social diagnoses and to standardise and define the professional language used by social workers. Its content has been organised into 4 dimensions of social diagnosis, divided into 15 sub-dimensions containing 83 diagnostic categories. This work was performed in Spain, in the 24 care homes of the Madrid Social Care Agency of the Community of Madrid, involving the participation of the 40 social workers practising in these centres. ISD-1 is an easily understood and used tool, of potential use for social workers practising in care homes for older persons and capable of being adapted for use in other institutional environments, as well as being capable of adaptation and translation for its application in other countries.     

论传统伦理在鲁迅小说叙事中的境遇

在理性伦理层面，鲁迅执着地批判和反抗传统伦理，但在小说叙事伦理中却对传统伦理的诸多方面有所担待，并且充满着不可排遣的紧张冲突，这既是思想、文化转型时代人心秩序的普遍反映，更是鲁迅个体伦理困惑的体现。     

缺少的分享——喜马拉雅东部(中国云南西北部)作为“整体社会事实”的分享的仪式语言

中华人民共和国成立以前,云南西北部怒江、独龙江流域居住的独龙族、怒族等邻近族群之间存在着一种共通的"议式语言".这种仪式语言通过宗教祭祀活动以及分享杀牲后的肉食过程体现出来.在这一地域社会中,各种社会、政治和经济关系都依赖于这种仪式语言展开.虽然目前这种分享的仪式日渐式微,但分享的意识依然体现着族群内部的"社会结合"方式.通过独龙族仪式语言的个案分析,旨在与利奇关于克钦社会的"仪式语言"研究进行对话.     

Krashen与Bialystok二语习得理论比较研究

Krashen和Bialystok的模式是第二语言习得领域提出较早,至今仍有很大影响的理论。在概述其内容后,本文重点分析了两个理论模式的相似、相异之处。相似性分析使两理论得到相互阐释和互相证明,相异分析找出了互补之处,使其有了更强的阐释力,最后探讨了对我国外语教学的启示。     

“言文一致”与方言小说——清末小说中的“方言”问题

与“言文一致”、“小说界革命”的思潮密切相联系,晚清对用方言写小说形成一个理论自觉,也出现一批方言小说,其中以吴语小说和京语小说最具代表,可谓别开生面。但小说中大量运用方言来模拟口语的逻辑与小说“开民智”要求的普及性,以及小说语言的艺术性形成矛盾。重视小说艺术性的小说家就提出“另为一种言语”和“另造一种通行文字”的观点,这种兼顾口语化、普泛性和艺术性的白话书面语革新,才符合“官话一国语”建构的路径,为小说语言的由俗变雅提供了可能,也修正了方言小说的弊端,但这一理论真正的实现则在五四时期。     

从新历史主义看史传与中国古典小说的亲和性

中国古典小说与中国史传之间有祭密联系的原因是值得深入研究的。新历史主义揭示的 历史的文学性从史学与文学的根本性质的接近方面更为深刻地揭示了二者的亲缘关系。但新历史主义 也有局限,它没有看到二者在共有的虚构性之外,还有审美性的差异,而这正是中国史传独具的特质,也 是中国古典小说与史传有紧密联系的根本性原因。受到中国史传审美性的影响,中国古典小说呈现出 独特的审美风貌。     

对外汉语教材生词英语译释和汉语词语学习偏误

通过对对外汉语初级教材中生词英语译释存在的译释方式不妥、译释不够准确、忽略生词的附属义、忽略生词的用法等方面问题进行例举分析,指出这些问题会诱发英语干扰,导致语际负迁移,造成词语理解错误,以致留学生学习汉语词汇时容易出现语义及语法层面的偏误。     

语用逻辑及其在计算机语言和人工智能中的应用

文章扼要阐明了语用逻辑的研究对象、内容和主要特点,并介绍了这一领域的国内外研究现状。在此基础上．文章侧重描述了计算机语言作为浯用语言的逻辑特征,包括对计算机语言的语法分析和语义分析。最后,本文通过研究如何在prolog语言中使用IL分析方法表明丁语用逻辑在人工智能中的应用.