试析《史记·十二诸侯年表》之“篇言十二,实叙十三”问题

《史记·十二诸侯年表》篇言十二诸侯,实际上却记叙了十三个诸侯国的盛衰大事。对于其篇言十二,实叙十三的原因,历来众说纷纭。或是认为没有把吴计入在内,或是认为忘记更改篇名,或是认为没有把鲁计入在内,或是认为没有把秦计入在内。其实十二诸侯是有特殊来历的,司马迁是用十二诸侯来代称表中的十三诸侯。十二诸侯这个固定概念的得出是与司马迁的哲学思想和社会历史观紧密相连的。十二之数和《史记》各篇数目一样,体现了儒家的一种天道观,有一定的象征,寓含着天道运行之意。     

抗战时期“近卫声明”的来龙去脉

1938年的三次“近卫声明”,都是日本政府为找到一个代表中国的谈判对手达到其侵略的目标而发布的。第一次近卫声明打开了诱降的大门,第二次、第三次近卫声明则是在日本大规模侵华军事进攻告一段落和汪精卫暗通日本的情况下发布的,完全体现了政治谋略为主、军事进攻为辅的方针,目的在于从政治上瓦解国民政府。三次近卫声明之中,以第二次近卫声明影响最为巨大而深远。     

“重画”实践视阈中的马克思主义中国化

实践标准大讨论已然三十年,重提实践之真理标杆,是历史必然。＂马克思主义中国化＂是一个挥之不去的学术和实践问题,在中国80多年的革命和实践的历史境况中,中国化问题无法回避,亟需对其做出深层次的解读和诠释。在哲学视阈中,用实践的视角来审视和反思马克思主义中国化,摈弃形形色色的干扰,对于进一步完善和深化马克思主义中国化是有所裨益的。     

官赈、商赈与教赈:近代救灾主体的力量合流——以丁戊奇荒山西救灾为例

1876--1879年,华北晋、豫、陕、鲁、直等省发生了特大旱灾,而其中山西省灾情最为严重。救灾过程中,政府的“官赈”、民间的“商赈”以及西方来华教会的“教赈”,不但各有表现,而且还遥相呼应,客观上推动了传统慈善事业的近代化。     

It Takes Two to Fight in School,Too: A Social Relations Model of the Psychometric Properties and Relative Variance of Dyadic Aggression and Victimization in Middle School

Aggressive behavior has been well studied in terms of interindividual differences among aggressors and victims, but has been understudied, especially within naturalistic contexts, in terms of aggressor–victim relationships. The social relations model (SRM) is a powerful conceptual and analytic tool for studying dyadic phenomena, and we describe the use of multivariate SRM to study aggression. Boys and girls (N = 210) in middle schools (sixth and seventh grades) completed a newly created dyadic aggression and victimization inventory (DAVI). Results support the reliability and validity of the DAVI in assessing inter‐individual and inter‐dyadic differences in aggression and victimization. Occurrences of aggression were accounted for primarily by inter‐dyadic variability, indicating the importance of considering aggressor–victim relationships. We discuss the implications of this relationship focus for future research and intervention efforts.     

中国共产党民族理论创新的历史经验和重大意义

中国共产党成立90周年以来,党的民族理论创新和民族工作不仅取得伟大成就,而且积累了丰富的历史经验,这是我们宝贵的思想财富。认真总结建党以来党的民族工作和民族理论创新历史经验,对于正确认识和处理当前我国民族问题,做好新世纪新阶段民族工作,促进党的民族理论不断创新和发展,都具有重大的现实意义。     

《双孝记》本事考

明传奇<双孝记>一直没有流传之本,且无佚文,因此仅有几种曲学书录著录,本事不详.今在整理<曲谱大成>稿本时,检出5枝<双孝记>佚曲,对照元传奇<王祥卧冰>,可知<双孝记>为<王祥卧冰>的改本,本事即为<二十四孝>的王祥故事.     

经济冷战研究综述

经济冷战是冷战的重要组成部分.西方学术界,特别是20世纪八、九十年代新档案解密以来,在宏观及微观研究中都取得了丰盛的成果,本文试图从其起源问题及其他问题两方面来分析.中国学术界在这一领域成果相对有限,主要是对经济冷战宏观性地描述及对具体事件的勾画.     

RECENTERED AND RESCALED INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE ESTIMATION OF TOBIT AND PROBIT MODELS WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES

Since Durbin (1954) and Sargan (1958), instrumental variable (IV) method has long been one of the most popular procedures among economists and other social scientists to handle linear models with errors-in-variables. A direct application of this method to nonlinear errors-in-variables models, however, fails to yield consistent estimators.

This article restricts attention to Tobit and Probit models and shows that simple recentering and rescaling of the observed dependent variable may restore consistency of the standard IV estimator if the true dependent variable and the IV's are jointly normally distributed. Although the required condition seems rarely to be satisfied by real data, our Monte Carlo experiment suggests that the proposed estimator may be quite robust to the possible deviation from normality.     

Order statistics from non-identical right-truncated Lomax random variables with applications

In this paper, we derive some recurrence relations for the single and the product moments of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed Lomax and right-truncated Lomax random variables. These recurrence relations are simple in nature and could be used systematically in order to compute all the single and product moments of all order statistics in a simple recursive manner. The results for order statistics from the multiple-outlier model (with a slippage of p observations) are deduced as special cases. We then apply these results by examining the robustness of censored BLUE's to the presence of multiple outliers. Received: November 30, 1998; revised version: March 8, 2000