当代社会招呼语分析

招呼语是人们生活中最常用的交际口语.在中国,招呼语的得体使用已成为个人修养和风度的标志,并能够使运用人维系正常的社交关系.本文着重分析了当代社会招呼语的类型和招呼语运用时的影响因素,并探讨了招呼语所显现的民族文化心理,以及它在日常交际中不可忽视的沟通功能.     

试论教育现代化与加强中华民族凝聚力的关系

新时期,国内外政治、经济、科技发展所带来现代人民族精神家园的失落及东西方文明之间的冲突对中华民族凝聚力提出了新的挑战。教育现代化从国家的统一、政权的巩固、经济、传统文化的发展等方面,对形成与巩固中华民族凝聚力发挥着强大作用。在全球视野中发展本土文化是中华民族永葆凝聚力的动力源泉。     

高职院校国防教育工作初探

全面贯彻党的教育方针,坚持育人为本、德育为先,实施素质教育,提高教育现代化水平,培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和可靠接班人,办好人民满意的教育,是发展高等职业教育,实施科教兴国战略的目标。从提高学生素质,促进现代化建设的高度出发,对高职院校开展国防教育的意义、目的、时间、方式和方法等进行探讨,有益于高职院校学生的全面发展。     

文学文体学:文学与语言学的交叉与融会

语言学侧重形式研究,其本质特征是描写;文学批评侧重内容研究,其最大魅力是阐释。文学文体学是语言学与文学批评的交叉学科,它既重视语言学的描写,又重视文学批评的阐释。文章试图说明文学文体学的这种跨学科特点。     

建构适合我国国情的新型医疗救助体制

医疗救助是社会救助体制的重要组成部分,它是政府和社会对贫困人口中因病而无经济能力进行治疗的人实施专项帮助和支持的行为。文章对我国实施医疗救助的迫切性与重要性加以论述,并提出建构适合我国国情的新型医疗救助体制的构想。     

Human Salmonellosis: Estimation of Dose-Illness from Outbreak Data

The quantification of the relationship between the amount of microbial organisms ingested and a specific outcome such as infection, illness, or mortality is a key aspect of quantitative risk assessment. A main problem in determining such dose-response models is the availability of appropriate data. Human feeding trials have been criticized because only young healthy volunteers are selected to participate and low doses, as often occurring in real life, are typically not considered. Epidemiological outbreak data are considered to be more valuable, but are more subject to data uncertainty. In this article, we model the dose-illness relationship based on data of 20 Salmonella outbreaks, as discussed by the World Health Organization. In particular, we model the dose-illness relationship using generalized linear mixed models and fractional polynomials of dose. The fractional polynomial models are modified to satisfy the properties of different types of dose-illness models as proposed by Teunis et al . Within these models, differences in host susceptibility (susceptible versus normal population) are modeled as fixed effects whereas differences in serovar type and food matrix are modeled as random effects. In addition, two bootstrap procedures are presented. A first procedure accounts for stochastic variability whereas a second procedure accounts for both stochastic variability and data uncertainty. The analyses indicate that the susceptible population has a higher probability of illness at low dose levels when the combination pathogen-food matrix is extremely virulent and at high dose levels when the combination is less virulent. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that immunity exists in the normal population but not in the susceptible population.     

巩固和发展和谐的社会主义民族关系——对散居少数民族权益保障问题的思考

随着社会和经济的发展，少数民族公民散居于各地的趋势日益明显，民族散居化的格局日益突出。进一步重视少数民族工作，注意保障散居少数民族权益，对更好的巩固和发展和谐的社会主义民族关系具有重要的现实意义。可以从观念上、立法上进一步完善散居少数民族权益保障法律制度。     

《马端肃公诗集》刊刻、流传及价值初考

《马端肃公诗集》是明代中期著名政治家马文升的诗集，白寿彝先生在其主编的《回族人物志》中认为该诗集已经佚失。其实，《马端肃公诗集》自明代万历十八年（1590）刊刻后就一直在流传，并于20世纪初收藏在南京图书馆。笔者试对《马端肃公诗集》的刊刻、流传情况及价值作一考论。     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

论师范院校教师口语课的地位与作用

本文从教师口语课的内容、性质、特点入手 ,结合口语教学实践 ,对教师口语课在提高民族语言素质以及师范教育、素质教育中的重要作用进行了论述 ,意在引起对这门学科的高度重视 ,并力求开好这门课。