Estimation of Metabolic Rate Constants in PBPK‐Models from Liver Slice Experiments: What Are the Experimental Needs?

A mechanistic model is presented describing the clearance of a compound in a precision-cut liver slice that is incubated in a culture medium. The problem of estimating metabolic rate constants in PBPK models from liver slice experiments is discussed using identifiability analysis. From the identifiability problem analysis, it appears that in addition to the clearance, the compound's free fraction in the slice and the diffusion rate of the exchange of the compound between culture medium and liver slice should be identified. In addition, knowledge of the culture medium volume, the slice volume, the compound's free fraction, and octanol-water-based partition between medium and slice is presupposed. The formal solution for identification is discussed from the perspective of experimental practice. A formally necessary condition for identification is the sampling of parent compound in liver slice or culture medium. However, due to experimental limitations and errors, sampling the parent compound in the slice together with additional sampling of metabolite pooled from the medium and the slice is required for identification in practice. Moreover, it appears that identification results are unreliable when the value of the intrinsic clearance exceeds the value of the diffusion coefficient, a condition to be verified a posteriori.     

论民俗风情在文艺作品中的多重价值显现

民俗风情对文艺创作有着根本性的制约作用,文艺民俗学因之而成为文艺研究的一个重要领域。作为一种广泛存在的社会现象,“民俗”在民间创造和传承过程中具有集体性、传承性、神秘感及地域时代差异。民俗与文艺的结合与互动,缘于人类把握世界和表达自我的共同需要,是一种植根于民族文化深层的普遍性文艺现象。民俗从内容描写上的渗入与补充、形式构成上的影响与借鉴两个方面对文艺创作产生影响,体现出自身的多重艺术价值。强化文艺的民俗倾向,是民族文学走向世界的一个有效途径。     

近二十年中国汉民族起源、形成研究综述(二)

汉民族是我国乃至世界上最大的民族 ,而关于汉民族的研究 ,长期以来却被国内学术界所忽视 ,汉民族史常被淹没在通史和断代史研究之中。十一届三中全会后 ,汉民族研究如雨后春笋 ,一直在不断地兴旺勃发。特别是近二十年来 ,汉民族研究取得了蔚为壮观的成绩 ,为世人瞩目。     

冼夫人与民族团结

冼夫人是 6世纪时岭南俚人的首领 ,她一生的活动顺应了人民群众的要求 ,力阻攻战掠奴 ,惩治贪暴、化解民族矛盾 ,鼓励俚汉联姻 ,加强封建制度、加速岭南地区的汉化进程 ,从而促进了社会安定和经济文化发展。     

神话再阐释:双重定义之上的本质属性

某种意义上 ,现代语义中的神话只是原始神话的语言形态。要科学地认识和理解人类文化之源的神话 ,仅仅着眼于神话的语言形态是不全面的 ,甚至是非本质的把握方式。文章尝试从本文与文本两个视角探讨神话定义 ,在艺术本体、传承主体、文化功能和思维机制等四个层面上重新阐释神话的本质属性 ,认为神话具有多维性、民族性、神圣性和不自觉性     

定期租船合同下承运人识别问题研究

在海上货物运输中，以定期租船运输货物时，无论是船东，还是承租人都可能成为承运人。如何确定海上货物运输合同责任主体是海事审判实践中亟待解决的一个理论和实际问题。该文系统分析了定期租船合同下承运人识别问题产生的渊源、承运人识别的依据及其方法，在此基础上作者提出了解决定期租船合同下承运人识别问题的初步建议。     

英语民族与云南少数民族语用习惯差异

语用学是20世纪70年代兴起的一门独立学科,它越来越受到语言学界的关注。语用学主要研究在特定情景中的特殊话语以及在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解和运用语言。从语用学相关理论的角度,通过对英语和部分少数民族语言的表达习惯比较,可以进一步展示中西方民族文化的差异,从而提高语言学习者的目的语文化意识,更好地实现跨文化交际目的。     

一种基于Web的身份鉴别策略及其实现

介绍了Java服务端网页在IBM WebSphere平台上进行电子商务系统开发的相关原理和模型,提出了一种基于Web方式的用户身份鉴别策略,改进了以往在对用户身份鉴别时需要自己输入密码的方式。整个处理流程遵循J2EE规范,并贯穿了Web应用模式的三层体系结构,在存储过程中完成认证,这种方法对提高电子商务系统的安全性有一定的现实意义。     

The Boston Area Diary Study and the Moral Citizenship of Care

This paper describes the theoretical foundations, empirical findings, and practical and philosophical implications of the Boston Area Diary Study (BADS), a study of the caring behavior of 44 participants over one calendar year. In particular, the paper presents an identification theory of care and discusses how it shaped the conceptualization, collection, and analysis of the data in a year-long diary study of daily voluntary assistance. The findings from the BADS (1) theoretically confirm the identification theory of care; (2) methodologically capture how individuals perceive and carry out caring behavior as a unity; and (3rpar; empirically document the existence of a moral citizenship in America that is substantially more vigorous than is implied by the usual indicators of civic and political citizenship.     

转子动不平衡载荷的在线识别

本文提出用复模态影响系数来解决转了大衡的在线以别和诊断问题，讨论了影响系数矩阵的力学意义．试验中可不加试重求出影响系数，并编制了相应的计算程序．