A formative evaluation of the recovery public works programme in Blantyre City,Malawi

Public works programmes (PWPs) are popular social protection instruments in the context of chronic poverty but very little has been published in the way of implementation and outcomes of these programmes. This paper presents a formative process and outcome evaluation of the recovery PWP in Blantyre City, Malawi. The evaluation used longitudinal household survey data of PWP beneficiaries, programme records and interview responses from programme staff and community leaders. Largely, the process evaluation findings showed an agreement between actual and planned activities. The outcome evaluation found indications that the PWP community assets offered some potential benefits to the communities, and that PWP wages allowed the beneficiaries to purchase some food. This however, did not translate into more meals per day, nor did the earnings prevent the decline in household assets as expected. Given a plausible PWP theory and high implementation fidelity, the PWP wage rate or number of days was either just enough to smooth participant income, or insufficient altogether, to enable achievement of more distal outcomes.     

家庭体育在全民健身运动中的作用

随着现代社会经济的迅速发展,人们生活水平和文化素质的提高,体育运动已成为社会发展和人们生活所不可缺少的文化内容。论述了家庭体育在全民健身运动中的意义及作用,指出家庭体育将成为现代家庭生活的重要标志,而且还为全民健身运动的顺利开展起着非常重要的作用。     

皖西革命老区民俗体育传承与全民健身体系的构建

运用文献资料、实地调查等方法,对皖西革命老区以＂肘阁、抬阁＂为代表的民俗体育与全民健身运动进行研究分析。结果表明,皖西地区民俗体育的传承和保护为全民健身体系的构建增添了新的内容和元素,它不仅有利于促进和谐社会的建设,而且也有利于推动全民健身运动的开展。     

Report on the implementation and evaluation of an interprofessional learning programme for inter‐agency child protection teams

Effective collaborative working between the different professions and agencies working to safeguard children is essential. Lack of knowledge of others' roles, perceived differences in status and expertise, and negative stereotypes are examples of why this can be difficult to achieve. A facilitated interprofessional learning (IPL) programme was implemented to assess if such an intervention could overcome some of the barriers to effective interprofessional and inter‐agency team working. Six teams based in primary and secondary care trusts took part with participants from health, education, police and social services. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from individual participants using a pre‐validated team climate inventory and reflective statements. Findings from this study demonstrate statistically significant changes in five out of six categories in the inventory. Reflective statements suggested that overall the programme offered a positive learning experience at both an individual and team level. The importance of outside facilitation to maintain the team's momentum was acknowledged, as was the difficulty of maintaining a good level of activity once the programme had ended. Nevertheless, the IPL programme provided a timely opportunity to reflect upon the interprofessional and inter‐agency team working needed within Children's Trusts and the implications for staff involved with regard to skills development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“效率优先、兼顾公平”的税收影响

在税收的效率、公平两原则中,我国强调的是前者,效率优先、兼顾公平。1994年的税制改革选择增值税为主体税种,体现了效率优先;而税收调节收入功能的弱化则说明对税收公平原则的背离;我国宏观税负呈下降趋势和强调效率原则有关,因此宏观税负的下降是经济增长付出的代价。     

Caregivers' perspectives on the SafeCare® programme: Implementing an evidence‐based intervention for child neglect

This qualitative study examined caregivers' experiences with SafeCare®, an evidence‐based programme that focuses on child neglect through modules on health, safety, and parenting. Shortly after completing SafeCare, 30 caregivers participated in a semi‐structured interview about their experiences with the programme. Overall, caregivers indicated that the programme helped with improvements in their parenting skills. Among the factors that contributed to a positive experience were the simplicity of language, the skills‐based approach, and the quality of the relationship with the SafeCare provider. Caregivers also noted several factors that made it difficult to fully benefit from the programme, including financial constraints, removal of their child from the home, and general distrust towards the child welfare system. Findings provide relevant information for SafeCare providers in terms of identifying areas that work well for caregivers completing the programme, as well as areas that might serve as impediments. Implications for contemporary child welfare practice are also considered.     

《〈自然辩证法概论（教学大纲）〉征求意见稿》之我见

近期公开发表的《〈自然辩证法概论(教学大纲)〉征求意见稿》有以下几个特点:(1)维持了"三大块"的理论框架;(2)实现了从辩证自然观到系统自然观与生态自然观的转移;(3)扩大了技术论和创造性思维内容的比重;(4)突出了科学和技术的区别、科学和技术的社会体制属性,以及科学、技术与社会互动关系的问题导向。总的看,"新大纲征求意见稿"时代气息明显增强,服务现实意识强烈,但基本理论进展不大,逻辑性似有遗憾。     

感官欣赏与理性欣赏的重要环节——音乐欣赏课的教学与实践

本文认为，要提高音乐欣赏能力，使审美意识达到更高的境界，就必须掌握音乐理论基础知识，了解各种不同形式、不同体裁的音乐理作品的风格与特点，从而在理论上为独立分析音乐作品打下一个基础。这是音乐欣赏课的出发点     

试谈轮滑教学在高校的开展

轮滑是广大学生中一项深受欢迎的体育运动.但在全国高校中却只有少数几所院校开展此项教学课程,使得广大有学习轮滑兴趣的学生无处求学.本文针对轮滑的特点,从轮滑课的教学组织形成、教学计划和学生的运动心理几个方面对其进行了讨论,以说明轮滑课在高校开展后,它必将在当前推进素质教育的道路上,发挥自身独具特色的魅力和不可低估的作用.     

Everybody needs good neighbours: an evaluation of an intensive project for families facing eviction

This paper presents details of a largely qualitative evaluation of an intensive multi‐method Project, with a residential component, which aims to help families facing eviction to overcome their housing‐related difficulties. The families served by the Project had a host of other problems related to parenting, with child care and protection issues, addictions and mental health difficulties figuring prominently. Just over half the referrals came from the local authority housing services, with nearly all the remainder coming from the social work department. The majority of families made good progress, but in some cases it proved harder to have an impact on parenting than on tenancy‐related matters. Nevertheless, the Project was deemed to have helped some families stay together or be reunited, resulting in substantial financial savings for social work services. Crucial ingredients were good management, stable staff, shared ‘ownership’ by other agencies, a repertoire of challenging methods, and a holistic approach.