所为非所想?农户风险管理意愿与行为的悖离分析

实现农户风险管理意愿与行为统一是降低农业风险对农户农业生产负面影响的重要途径。利用2018年东北三省和湖北省种植大户的调查数据,从自然风险与市场风险两方面,对农户风险管理的意愿、行为及其悖离进行分析,并探究形成悖离的原因。研究发现：对于自然风险,大部分农户使用了有效的风险管理工具,但风险管理意愿不高;农户的市场风险管理行为极为少见,与之相悖的是,农户具有较高的市场风险管理意愿。结果表明,风险管理实际行为控制、风险管理执行意愿和风险管理外部环境是影响农户自然风险管理意愿与行为悖离的主要因素;此外,农户对农业保险缺乏了解,以及目前农业保险存在的不足也是导致此悖离的重要原因;风险管理执行意愿和风险管理外部环境是影响农户市场风险管理意愿与行为悖离的主要因素。此外,农户获取信息渠道不足,对市场风险管理工具缺乏了解,甚至存在明显的误解与不信任也是导致农户市场风险管理意愿与行为悖离的重要原因。因此,为了有效实现农户风险管理意愿与行为的统一,应健全农业保险的推广机制,加强市场风险管理的宣传,扩大“保险+期货”的试点,发挥新型主体的带动作用。     

《了不起的盖茨比》中威尔逊形象的生态解读

自2007年起,从生态批评的角度对《了不起的盖茨比》进行分析,逐渐成为学者研究的一个热门方向,然而绝大多数学者将目光集中在主要人物上,忽略了另一位极具代表性的小人物——威尔逊。威尔逊这一人物形象具有诸多意义,仅从生态角度来说,他便折射出了“爵士时代”下人与自然、人与社会以及人与自身的关系。通过利用生态批评这一理论工具,从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态这三个角度出发,对威尔逊的人物形象进行分析探讨,以期能够透过对于威尔逊的解读,得到对“爵士时代”中的人与自然、社会以及自身关系的更全面和深刻的认识。     

自然灾害冲击对农村家庭非农就业选择的影响

利用国家重点研发计划重点专项2018年调研数据,构建了自然灾害冲击对农村家庭非农就业选择影响的理论框架,采用Probit模型验证了自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响。研究发现:自然灾害冲击对农户家庭成员非农就业选择有显著正向影响,这一正向影响会随着自然灾害强度的增加而不断提升;人力资本和社会资本的嵌入,会弱化自然灾害对农户家庭成员非农就业选择的影响,信贷约束却会强化这一影响。这意味着现阶段面对自然灾害冲击,农户家庭成员应积极尝试非农就业,不仅能够促进资本存量重构,还可以缓解家庭生计压力,增加农户家庭收入,避免农户家庭因灾致贫。     

阿多诺的自然美论

阿多诺在《美学理论》中批判了忽视自然美的观点,他认为自然美从美学中消失的根本原因是因为人的自由和尊严概念占据统治地位的结果.正是对主体性的反思促使阿多诺重新思考自然美,他对自然美的提倡同时是对主体性的一种批判.阿多诺对自然美概念的重新思考在今天仍具有现实意义.     

从审美到审丑:莫言小说的美学走向

莫言是８０年代大陆新潮文化中极具个性特征的作家,近年来他的小说创作却呈现了从审美到审丑的美学走向。莫言小说的丑多为非审美意义上的丑,其文本丑的多种反常形态是对业已形成的东方传统审美心理和审美经验的一种无情打磨,造成这种样态的主要原因是主体的文化缺席和审丑的心理失控。     

诗学审美意象论

文章梳理了意象从卜筮—礼法—哲学—文学领域的历史生成和语义转换 ,界定了审美意象的词义层面 ,辨析了审美意象与物象、表象、形象的区别 ,从表现手法、感觉功能、物质属性三个逻辑起点 ,划分了诗学审美意象的类型     

Does media coverage influence public attitudes towards welfare recipients? The impact of the 2011 English riots

Following the shooting of Mark Duggan by police on 4 August 2011, there were riots in many large cities in the UK. As the rioting was widely perceived to be perpetrated by the urban poor, links were quickly made with Britain's welfare policies. In this paper, we examine whether the riots, and the subsequent media coverage, influenced attitudes toward welfare recipients. Using the British Social Attitudes survey, we use multivariate difference‐in‐differences regression models to compare attitudes toward welfare recipients among those interviewed before (pre‐intervention: i.e. prior to 6 August) and after (post‐intervention: 10 August–10 September) the riots occurred (N = 3,311). We use variation in exposure to the media coverage to test theories of media persuasion in the context of attitudes toward welfare recipients. Before the riots, there were no significant differences between newspaper readers and non‐readers in their attitudes towards welfare recipients. However, after the riots, attitudes diverged. Newspaper readers became more likely than non‐readers to believe that those on welfare did not really deserve help, that the unemployed could find a job if they wanted to and that those on the dole were being dishonest in claiming benefits. Although the divergence was clearest between right‐leaning newspaper and non‐newspaper readers, we do not a find statistically significant difference between right‐ and left‐leaning newspapers. These results suggest that media coverage of the riots influenced attitudes towards welfare recipients; specifically, newspaper coverage of the riots increased the likelihood that readers of the print media expressed negative attitudes towards welfare recipients when compared with the rest of the population.     

Theorizing the social: Émile Durkheim's theory of force and energy

This paper offers a new interpretation of Émile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) as the basis for reconsidering the Tarde–Durkheim debate of 1903 and the distinctions between a theory of social force and a theory of social assemblage. Resisting traditional interpretations of Durkheim's scientism, this essay traces how concepts of force and energy are centrally developed in Elementary Forms to draw new lines between epistemology to ontology for twentieth-century theory. I argue that Durkheim develops an ‘energetic epistemology’ that conceives of the human capacity for shared meaning as a product of invested energy in the form of continually enacted and evolving material practice, thought, and attention. According to Durkheim, when a member of a collective perceives a god or feels belief, he or she actually perceives the accumulated energy of on-going creation and maintenance of objects and ideas by members of a collective. Sacred objects, images, and ideas bear the trace of collective energy the more they are carefully crafted, maintained in spaces that are specially arranged, and written into behavioural codes. This reading of Durkheim allows us to consider him in a lineage of social constructivists and, particularly, in relation to Ludwik Fleck, who has been largely confined to different theoretical discussions when his contributions to sociology have been acknowledged at all. By reconsidering Durkheim, we have occasion to rethink his sociology and understand how he redrew the lines between thought and action, between epistemology and ontology, through the material framework of energy and force.     

“自然历史”：阿多诺对自然的重构

启蒙理性遵循同一性逻辑。同一性意味着概念与实在的分离,且概念替代实在并拥有对实在的控制权。其结果,自我保存理性将内外自然彻底剥离,并实现了对自然的全面统治。否定辩证法的根本特征是否定性,其核心即矛盾,矛盾双方具有向对立面转化的潜能。在阿多诺否定辩证法的框架内,自然并非仅指同一性所赋予的外观——历史的维度,同时也具有原始自然的维度。自然是一种矛盾的存在,而且,它总是处于历史对它的否定与抵抗中,在具有反思性的否定中,自然获得了重建与救赎的可能。阿多诺的自然理论对破除自然与历史、主体与客体的对立具有积极的意义,但他对自然的理解具有观念性,且否定辩证法本身有一定的悖论性。     

朴素凝重余味悠长--鲁迅古体诗欣赏

鲁迅先生的古体诗以朴素凝重的语言,直面现实的写作风格,成为其文学遗产的一部分。文章通过对鲁迅先生五首古体诗的分析,展示了鲁迅先生的人生经历和人格魅力。