论需要合理性的生态学依据

生态危机、城市灾害对人类生存和发展构成严重威胁;资本主义私有经济条件造成的劳动异化、消费异化、需要异化及人的本质的异化是导致生态危机和城市灾害的原因。在这一系列异化中,人的需要异化最具有普遍性特征,是造成生态危机和城市灾害产生的最主要根源。要克服生态危机,人类必须培养完善的生态意识,转变现代科学技术观念,摈弃现有的人类中心主义代之以生物中心主义,构建生态社会模式并走"自然主义—人道主义—共产主义"相统一的道路,只有这样,才能为需要的合理性找到科学依据。     

以需要促接受 提高“思想道德修养与法律基础”课的教学有效性

提高"思想道德修养与法律基础"课的教学有效性是当前高校思想政治教育研究的重要内容。以此从学生需要出发,通过问卷调查,提出五项措施:一是教育内容应突出科学性,体现时代性;二要重视学生主体性,活跃学生思维;三要强化实践体悟,做到知行统一;四要加强师生交流,促进情感沟通;五要建立反馈系统,及时了解学生需要。     

Recognition of neglect and early response: overview of a systematic review of the literature

This paper summarizes the key findings from a systematic literature review that sought to identify existing evidence about the ways in which the needs of neglected children and their parents are signalled and the response to those needs. Using systematic review guidelines, 14 databases were searched for primary research studies published in English from 1995 to 2005. An initial 20 480 items were systematically filtered down to 63 papers for inclusion. The evidence suggests that, while there is little evidence about how needs for help are directly signalled, there is considerable evidence about how needs are indirectly signalled. There is evidence that professionals can identify signs of neglect, but are not always clear about the best response. There remain gaps in evidence about how best to respond to neglected needs, especially within schools.     

综合职业需求理论模型的构建

职业需求是指人对职业的要求在头脑中的反映。它反映着个体对某种职业的渴求和欲望 ,并通过从事该种职业来满足自身的其它需求。它是个体谋取职业并在职业活动中获取成功的积极性源泉。职业需求可以激发从业者的积极职业情感 ,提高从业者的职业意志力 ,是个体从事职业活动的根本动力。人类的职业需求沿个体和社会两个方向发展 ,分为四种类型 :维持生活的需求 ,学习与发展的需求 ,承担社会义务的需求和交往归属的需求     

High Thresholds and Prevention in Children's Services: The Impact of Mothers' Coping Strategies on Outcome of Child and Parenting Problems--Six Month Follow-Up

High thresholds characterizing the provision of Children’sServices have become increasingly apparent in recent years,and concerns that these thresholds mean that high need familiesdo not receive a service have been expressed in key policy documents.This is despite a commitment, in policy and practice, to Preventionas an underlying theme for services. When referral is followedby a failure to access services, the coping strategies of theparents, in particular the mother, who is generally the primarycaregiver, become of particular practical importance. Thesecoping strategies are also of theoretical interest, being akey element of the newly developed concept of Proto Prevention,which extends our previous understanding of this area. Thispaper focuses on the coping strategies of families who wereunsuccessful applicants for Children’s Services, and asks:Which coping strategies were most effective in securing positiveoutcomes? It was found that the direct actions of the mother,and avoidance strategies such as denial or acceptance had littleeffect. However, seeking social support was associated withmore positive outcomes in child development and parenting, anddenial and disengagement with an increase in depression symptoms.The implications of these findings, for policy and practice,are discussed.     

Social development needs assessment in China: lessons from an international collaborative field school in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region

We explore the potential for rural and urban community needs assessment research in China, particularly in response to increasing rural to urban internal migration. Models for migration and community development are presented. We identify various methods that can inform social development planning, intervention, and evaluation. A collaborative community development field school in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region was conducted with US and Chinese students and faculty. Plans for, and initial results of, a qualitative rural needs assessment are described. A semi‐structured urban resident needs assessment survey and the results of a small pilot study are presented. Challenges of international collaboration and implications and suggestions are reviewed.

本文探索了在中国农村和城市社区进行需求评估研究的潜力，特别是在回应不断增加的城乡人口流动。作者描述了各种移民和社会发展模式，并确定了几项可用于社会发展规划，干预和评估的方法。作者在广西壮族自治区建立了一所由美国和中国的学生和教员合作的社会发展田野考察学校，并描述了计划的内容和初步结果。作者在文中描述了一个评估城市居民需求的半组织性调查和一个小型试验研究的结果，并探讨国际合作所面对的挑战，影响和建议。     

The role of informal caregivers in the well‐being of orphans in Botswana: a literature review

With the orphan population escalating, communities continue to rely on relatives to provide care to orphans. Therefore, there is a need to explore the role of caregivers with regard to the well‐being of orphans, the challenges they face, as well as how they could be empowered to be more responsive to children's needs. The paper acknowledges that informal caregivers play an important role in the lives of orphans. The paper also concedes that, in the process, caregivers are faced with challenges which make it difficult for them to fulfil their responsibilities and roles. As a result, they sometimes act as sources of stress to orphans, which eventually complicate the children's adjustment to the loss of their parents. Lastly, the paper paves the way to ensuring that challenges faced by informal caregivers are addressed in a manner that will make them more supportive to orphans.     

The accommodation and support needs of people with a mental illness: A process and framework for action

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a consumer-focused assessment of the accommodation and support needs of people with a mental illness living in a regional city. The study utilises a 'pathway to stability' approach to assess the phase-contingent accommodation and support needs of mental health consumers through interviews and focus groups with consumers, carers and service providers. The study identifies five broad phases of the life course impacted by mental illness—beginnings, long-term needs become clearer, instability as needs evolve, finding stability and ongoing. Five key issues—information, self-competence, comorbidity, coordination and flexibility were expanded upon in focus groups. Principles for planning future service delivery are identified. The implications of the findings and research methodology for social work practice and research are discussed.     

Work-related episodic memories can increase or decrease motivation and psychological health at work

ABSTRACT

Research on the psychological mechanisms underlying employee motivation and psychological health at work has been limited to general and chronic workplace factors, such as job strenuousness or management style. In two studies, we examine how unique and time-specific work life events encoded as episodic memories can influence employee motivation and psychological health at work as a function of how these events are recalled having been experienced in terms of need satisfaction. In Study 1, participants described a self-defining work-related memory and rated it for need satisfaction. They also completed scales of need satisfaction at work, self-determined motivation, and positive and negative indicators of psychological health (i.e. work satisfaction and burnout). In Study 2, participants completed the same tasks and scales, but they did it again two years later. Results revealed that need satisfaction in self-defining work-related memories was associated with self-determined motivation and indicators of psychological health at work, over and above demographics (age, sex, weekly hours worked, education) and general perceptions of need satisfaction at work. Moreover, it predicted increases in self-determined motivation and in work satisfaction and decreases in burnout over two years. The present findings underscore the importance of considering unique work life events encoded in memory.     

城镇失业人员再就业的失业保险基金投向研究——以西部欠发达地区的调查为基础

长期以来,由于我国失业保险基金投向范围过窄,因而满足不了失业人员再就业的真实需求,也就无法从根本上解决失业问题。鉴于此,本文以西部欠发达地区城镇失业人员为研究对象,从前期《城镇失业人员致贫因素实证研究》结果入手,剔除不符合现阶段研究背景的因素,在此基础上进一步编制调查问卷,运用SPSS统计分析软件对因素的重要程度进行权重分析,了解失业人员的再就业需求,以此来探讨失业保险基金的投向。