对消除性别歧视主流观点和常用方法的反思

目前消除性别歧视主流观点和常用方法处在经济崇拜价值观之下,认为经济能力代表平等程度,这在传播和使用时显露出一些负面的影响,在追求政治、经济和文化上平等时,客观上造成参政歧视、职业歧视、消费主义。通过分析性别歧视的起源,指出性别歧视的实质是财富歧视,与阶级歧视同质。在歧视实质基础上,从制度、引导、宣传、社会技术等角度提出更合理的消除性别歧视的方法。     

法理学视野中的社会排斥问题探析

社会排斥为一在社会学与公共政策领域得到越来越多关注之问题。目前,相关研究大部分集中于社会学、以及经济学、政治学等领域,来自法学领域的回应却十分贫乏。虽然当代社会排斥的政策实践已日渐发达,但如缺乏规范伦理和法理学上之审慎思考,政策实践则仅仅是某种权宜之计或实用性妥协,而无法被当作其他辩护主张所援引的先例或标准,而法理学反思则可以使社会排斥真正成为一种基本正义的问题,甚至可以进而通过探讨反社会排斥中的人权问题,最终使得实际妥协性政策措施上升为关于新法律原则的承诺和法律加以保护的权利。本文主要讨论社会排斥与两种自由观念的关系、社会排斥与两种常见国家观念之关系,以及一种反对社会排斥的社会融合权是否必要和可能这三个问题,力求从法理学层面对社会排斥问题做出初步的分析和回应。     

From “can-do” girls to insecure and angry: affective dissonances in young women’s post-recessional media

Feminist scholars have begun to unpack the ways in which neoliberalism is underpinned by particular gendered affective investments: drives for perfection, confidence, and the careful observance of feeling rules mandating a pleasing balance of resilience and approachability. In this context, we are interested in mapping the cultural production of affective dissonances with neoliberal modes of thriving. We draw attention to post-recessional television made by and about young women that articulate affective dissonances with the confident subjectivities associated with neoliberal cultural mythologies of girlpower. We suggest that within recent, largely USA, television some important questioning of such mythologies is taking place through the articulation of young women’s anger, insecurity, anxiety, and misplaced confidence. Such affective dissonances may to some extent serve to problematise myths about both the accessibility and appeal of highly individualist career-oriented lifestyles idealised in cultural mythologies of powerful “can-do” girls. Our analysis aims at two-fold consideration of: first, how giving voice to young women as “suffering actors” may open space for dissonant affective positions that connect to feminist aims of social transformation; and second, consideration of the ways in which exclusionary technologies of femininity may also operate through representations of young women’s anger, insecurity, and anxiety. Through this analysis we contribute to understanding dialectical tensions in the psychic and affective life of post-feminism and feminine subjectification in the neoliberal, post-recessional socio-cultural context.     

Negative exponential disparity based family of goodness-of-fit tests for multinomial models

This paper investigates a new family of goodness-of-fit tests based on the negative exponential disparities. This family includes the popular Pearson's chi-square as a member and is a subclass of the general class of disparity tests (Basu and Sarkar, 1994) which also contains the family of power divergence statistics. Pitman efficiency and finite sample power comparisons between different members of this new family are made. Three asymptotic approximations of the exact null distributions of the negative exponential disparity famiiy of tests are discussed. Some numerical results on the small sample perfomance of this family of tests are presented for the symmetric null hypothesis. It is shown that the negative exponential disparity famiiy, Like the power divergence family, produces a new goodness-of-fit test statistic that can be a very attractive alternative to the Pearson's chi-square. Some numerical results suggest that, application of this test statistic, as an alternative to Pearson's chi-square, could be preferable to the I ^2/3 statistic of Cressie and Read (1984) under the use of chi-square critical values.     

Work stress and alcohol use: developing and testing a biphasic self-medication model

This study developed and tested a moderated-mediation model of work stress and alcohol use, based on the biphasic (stimulant and sedative) effects of alcohol and the self-medication and stress-vulnerability models of alcohol use. The model proposes that exposure to work stressors can increase both negative affect and work fatigue, and that these 2 sources of strain can subsequently motivate the use of alcohol. However, the relations of negative affect and work fatigue to alcohol use are conditional on the joint moderating effects of alcohol outcome expectancies and gender. Data were collected from a national probability sample of 2808 U.S. workers. Supporting the model, the results indicated that work stressor exposure was conditionally related via negative affect to heavy alcohol use among both men and women holding strong tension-reduction alcohol expectancies and to after work alcohol use among men holding strong tension-reduction alcohol expectancies. Also, work stressor exposure was conditionally related via work fatigue to both heavy alcohol use and workday alcohol use among men holding strong fatigue-reduction alcohol expectancies. The results have application in the identification of individuals at higher risk of problematic alcohol use and are relevant to workplace safety and to the design of appropriate interventions.     

Estimation of group means using Bayesian generalized linear mixed models

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) are commonly used to model the treatment effect over time while controlling for important clinical covariates. Standard software procedures often provide estimates of the outcome based on the mean of the covariates; however, these estimates will be biased for the true group means in the GLMM. Implementing GLMM in the frequentist framework can lead to issues of convergence. A simulation study demonstrating the use of fully Bayesian GLMM for providing unbiased estimates of group means is shown. These models are very straightforward to implement and can be used for a broad variety of outcomes (eg, binary, categorical, and count data) that arise in clinical trials. We demonstrate the proposed method on a data set from a clinical trial in diabetes.     

Abolitionists and the Eloquence of Abuse: Revisiting Status and Rhetoric in Social Movements

Current discussions of contentious performances profitably draw upon a revival of theories of culture, emotion, and performance. Yet status theory and status claims-making continue to be neglected in the mix because of their received associations with classical tension theory and unpopular functionalist models of collective behavior. Because most social movement participants are outsiders to the ‘halls of power,’ their dependence upon the rhetoric of status in cultivating moral influence is much more fundamental than previously acknowledged, although this relation is hinted at in Tilly's notion of contentious performances. Efforts to recover status theory navigate between two major mistakes in past theories of collective behavior: the voluntaristic overemphasis of affective manipulation by charismatic leaders, and the deterministic conflation of status with large reified social structures. The concept of reception fields is proposed to refer to the relational, fluid, social–psychological status dynamics between movement leaders and audiences during contentious performances, in which distinction and rhetoric are mutually constitutive. The article situates eloquence or the emotional energy of protest rhetoric in the dramaturgical performance of status dynamics within the immediate reception field. The utility of this approach to status rhetoric is illustrated with respect to American antislavery abolitionism.     

历史记忆与身份建构——以雷霆超的《吃碗茶》为例

历史记忆对自我身份建构有着极大的影响。学者普遍关注的历史记忆对自我身份建构的积极作用,然而历史记忆对自我身份建构的消极作用却鲜有人提及。以美国亚裔文学评论家和作家公认的一部划时代的作品---雷霆超（Louis Chu）的《吃碗茶》（Eat a Bowl of Tea）为例来阐述历史记忆对自我身份建构的消极作用,并说明只有忘记历史才能实现移民真正的身份建构。     

《左传》、《国语》否定副词比较研究

否定副词是汉语副词中的一个重要次类,在汉语表达中具有十分重要的作用。本文选取先秦时期的两部重要典籍《左传》和《国语》,全面梳理两书的否定副词系统,通过对两书否定副词的描写和比较,总结了两部书中乃至先秦汉语中否定副词的特点和用法。     

Transformational leadership climate: Performance linkages, mechanisms, and boundary conditions at the organizational level

Transformational leadership (TFL) climate describes the degree to which leaders throughout an organization engage in TFL behaviors. In this study, we investigate performance linkages, mechanisms, and boundary conditions of TFL climate at the organizational level of analysis. In a sample of 158 independent organizations, 18,094 employees provided data on TFL climate, positive affective climate, trust climate, and employees' task performance behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, human resource managers rated overall employee productivity. Study results yielded a pattern of moderated mediation for overall employee productivity and employees' aggregate task performance behavior, in that an organization's TFL climate was indirectly (through positive affective climate) related with these outcome variables under conditions of high trust climate, but not under conditions of low trust climate. Further, we found an organization's TFL climate to indirectly relate with employees' aggregate organizational citizenship behavior through positive affective climate, largely independent of the level of trust climate.