论政党价值观的功能本

政党价值观的功能主要包括显功能和潜功能,显功能又包括正功能和反功能两个方面.政党价值观的正功能,是政党价值观对于政党成员、政党组织乃至整个社会所具有的积极功能,主要表现为合法性辩护、凝聚激励、价值导向和社会整合等功能.政党价值观的反功能,是指政党价值观对政党的生存和发展乃至整个社会产生的消极作用和不良影响,集中体现在错误或落后的价值观的不良影响之中.不为政党成员和广大民众所预期而又确实地对政党乃至社会产生直接或间接影响的一切社会作用或客观结果,便是政党价值观的潜功能.这种结果可能与政党及其成员的主观目的相一致,也可能出现不一致的情况.     

对两性暧昧情感关系的伦理分析

两性暧昧情感是两性之间的一种非婚恋、无性爱的超友谊情感方式。根据其表现形态和伦理关系的特点,对它进行伦理评价应遵循三个原则:不伤害原则、平等与尊重原则、隐私原则,以促使这一社会群体正确对待和处理两性间的暧昧情感关系,同时也使社会公众能对其有一个公正理性的认识和态度。     

陈寅恪学术审查报告呈现的情理分际及内在张力

建立规范而严格的学术评价体系,是构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系的重要组成部分。专业的学术著作审查报告作为学术批评的一种,在整个学术评价体系中占有不可或缺的地位。中国近现代学术批评发展过程中,情与理是两个重要的影响因素。二者共同组成中国学术批评的基本内容,构成有别于西方的评价体系和评价标准,具有浓厚的中国特色。就学术研究而言,现代学人对二者的关注并不均衡,其中关于理的层面谈论较多,而情的层面谈论较少,对于二者之间的关系仅有只言片语的涉及。陈寅恪为冯友兰《中国哲学史》上下两册所写的审查报告蕴含着三对情与理的关系,即学人交往之情与奉命审查之理、主观想象之情与客观真实之理、文言表述之情与思想呈现之理。三对情与理相互关联又相对独立,错综复杂地交织在一起,表现出一定的内在张力。这种张力一方面让陈寅恪的学术批评看上去挥洒自如,逸趣横生,充分照顾各种情感因素的同时,为学术界提供了高深的学理阐释,提升了学术批评的层次;另一方面也让陈寅恪在学术批评的情与理之间徘徊游离,文风回环往复,雅训有致,如一种高妙而孤傲的语言游戏,呈现言人人殊的状况。借助个案研究进而阐释不同层次的情与理以及二者之间的关系,有利于加深现代学人对于陈寅恪独特哲思和情怀的认知,也有利于扩展现代学人对于传统人文精神和学术批评意蕴的感悟,从而为构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系提供历史营养和理论源泉。     

Emotional Regulation and Display in Classroom Victims of Bullying: Characteristic Expressions of Affect, Coping Styles and Relevant Contextual Factors

Research suggests that victims of bullying may lack skills in emotional regulation, a process which facilitates coping with provocative situations to lessen the stress of negative emotions (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The present study examined the emotional regulation and display patterns of victims during classroom bullying episodes. Children in grades one through six were observed during free play in the winter and spring of three consecutive school years. Results of the study indicated that the coping styles observed in victims of bullying can be grouped into two distinct clusters: 1) problem-solving strategies that are associated with the de-escalation and resolution of bullying episodes; and 2) aggressive strategies that tend to perpetuate and escalate the bullying interaction. Parallels were found between victims' and bullies' emotional displays. Results are discussed in the context of how maladaptive emotional regulation processes may act as risk factors for chronic victimization.     

Emotion Regulation in Low-income Preschoolers

The present study was concerned with identifying the causes of low-income preschoolers' negative emotions and their most common regulation responses. The relations of family socialization practices and temperament to the children's emotion regulation skills were also examined. Ninety predominantly minority low-income preschoolers (46 boys) and their mothers participated. During visits to the children's preschools, observers watched for expressions of anger and sadness, and recorded the causes of the displays and the children's reactions. Mothers reported on their emotion socialization and discipline practices and their children's temperament. Although the children expressed more anger than sadness, they used more constructive reactions in response to sadness and more non-constructive reactions in response to anger. Maternal reports of appropriate family emotion were associated with low levels of non-constructive regulation responses to anger and sadness whereas reports of inconsistent parental discipline were generally associated with non-constructive regulation responses. All in all, the findings of this study are in accord with findings on middle-income children and indicate that low- and middle-income children are more alike than different with regard to the regulation of negative emotion in the peer environment.     

科学技术批判思潮的理论误区及其有效性意义

西方思想家对科学技术的批判表达了对技术异化现象的不满与抗议。在一些重大的问题上,西方的科学技术批判思潮并没有击中技术异化的要害。科学技术作为人的一种理性活动,是人们实现实践目标的工具和手段。因而,技术在本质上,是中性的。技术异化的根源在于人的活动本身。但是,我们也必须正视科学技术批判思潮的有限性意义以及合理性。对技术使用的负面效应必须有清醒的认识。     

陈独秀五四时期文学观念的正、反、合

文章运用还原研究的方法 ,返回到陈独秀“五四”时期理论建设原始形态中去 ,对其功利主义和审美论的文学观念进行理论探讨 ,在此基础上提出了陈独秀两种看起来自相矛盾的文学观念统一于“人的解放”的新见解。文章有意识地将陈独秀与“五四”一代人的理论倡导和实践联系在一起进行考察 ,企盼借此为人们认识和理解陈独秀以至整个“五四”新文学理论建设中的“二律背反”现象 ,提供一个通解     

试论声乐艺术中的情感表达

歌唱表演是一种转瞬即逝的时间艺术,其灵魂在于创作者、表演者及欣赏者的情感创作。而贯穿于歌唱表演中的情感则是歌唱演员的演唱风格、气质、面部表情及语言夸张表现的综合体现,也是演唱者的情感体验、生活体验和艺术体验的完美结合。     

关于商业贿赂及其治理的思考

文章从宏观上对商业贿赂及其危害性提出了自己的认识,然后探寻了商业贿赂的成因,并在此基础上提出了治理商业贿赂的思路,即加强法治社会建设、加强信用道德建设、加强国家政权和法治政府建设、加强市场领域的监管体系建设、加强国际刑事司法合作与协助。     

爱国主义教育的个体功能

爱国主义教育不但具有社会功能,而且具有个体功能。爱国主义教育的社会功能需要由个体功能来支撑和体现。爱国主义教育能够赋予个体以崇高的爱国主义精神资源,能够激发个体巨大的爱国热情和建设动力,同时能够决定个体的状态与发展。