Role of Negative Emotion in Communication about CO2 Risks

This article describes how the effectiveness of risk communication is determined by the interaction between emotional and informative elements. An experiment is described that examined the role of negative emotion in communication about CO₂ risks. This experiment was based on the elaboration likelihood model and the related heuristic systematic model of attitude formation. The results indicated that inducing fear of CO₂ risks leads to systematic processing of information about energy conservation as a risk-reducing strategy. In turn, this results in more favorable attitudes toward energy conservation if strong arguments are provided. Individual differences in concern seem to have similar effects.     

纳米技术的正负效应及社会控制初探

纳米技术是一门崭新的综合性科学技术,将对21世纪经济、社会和国防产生重大影响,很可能成为21世纪的主导技术。纳米技术的发展既能带来正效应,也能带来负效应,目前,社会对纳米技术的负面效应认识不够。只有对纳米技术实施有效的社会控制,才能引导它向健康方向发展。     

Perceptions of Achievement and Achieving Peers in U.S. and Chinese Kindergartners

Two studies were conducted to examine perceptions about achievement and achiev‐ing peers in 190 U.S. and Chinese kindergartners. Children provided free‐narrative responses to story beginnings about an achieving protagonist in school settings. We found marked cultural differences. For achievement, U.S. children perceived more intellectual development, positive affects of the protagonist, and adult praise, where Chinese children perceived more social respect and their ability to help others. For lack of achievement in non‐achieving peers, U.S. children identified more negative affects, and Chinese children anticipated more negative reactions from adults. Moreover, although children in both cultures used non‐ability factors to explain achievement, Chinese children did so more consistently. Most strikingly, whereas Chinese children often expressed peer respect and desire to emulate the achieving protagonist, U.S. children frequently attributed peer negative reactions toward him or her. We interpret these differences as reflecting U.S. and Chinese cultural values regarding learning, achievement, and related self‐other perceptions.     

毛泽东的反面教员思想初探

作为辩证法大师的毛泽东,擅长于从反面人物、错误的教训中,提炼出有益于中国革命和建设的思想,特别是他树立反面教员,发挥反面教员作用的思想,不仅在指导中国革命和建设过程中发挥了巨大作用,而且对今天社会主义建设依然有极强的借鉴意义。     

The Role of Positive and Negative Social Exchanges Between Adolescents,their Peers and Family as Predictors of Suicide Ideation

The role of positive and negative social exchanges between adolescents, their peers and family as predictors of suicide ideation was investigated in a national random sample of 1591 adolescents from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Four indexes measured socio-emotional exchanges by type (positive or negative) and by source (family or peers). Negative exchanges with family were associated with increased suicide ideation scores in younger (15–17) but not in older (18–19) adolescents. Positive support provided as significant buffering effect that was age-specific and independent of gender, income or mood disorders. Providers, especially social workers need to identify both positive and negative exchanges that adolescents experience with family and peers.     

实现环境污染负外部性的内在化

在当今中国,靠一般号召和一般行政手段不能根本解决环境污染问题。环境经济学、产权经济学启示我们,必须努力做到环境污染负外部性的内在化,应该特别地加强资源、环境法制保障体系的建设。     

当代女青年负性生存状态的成因分析

少数女青年中存在负性生存状态的主要原因:生存本能不足、缺乏自我保护意识、驾驭复杂社会环境的能力不强、出现人格障碍、自律意识淡薄、独生子女缺陷的反映、贪恋虚荣追求享受、边缘化不断趋强、生存大环境复杂化、社会管理遭遇尴尬、同伴效应等.社会应高度关注女青年的负性生存状态,帮助她们加以改善.     

论教育对儿童身心发展的负面影响

对儿童的成长来说,教育必不可少;但教育对儿童的身心发展也有负面影响。这种负面影响有两种类型:一种源于教育活动与儿童天性的固有矛盾,它迫使儿童为自己的成长付出必须付出的代价;另一种源于不当的教育管理和教育行为,它迫使儿童付出不应付出的代价。在教育学界,教育对儿童身心发展的负面影响受到普遍忽视。教育学教科书,应当用一定篇幅来论述这种负面影响的性质、类型和产生原因,提醒人们注意反思和改善自己的教育行为和管理行为。     

试析违反语言学的诡辩现象 --负面思维研究之三

动物界没有诡辩 ,是因为它们没有像人类那样的语言。诡辩通常产生在推理和论证过程中。如果没有语言 ,推理和论证就无法进行 ,这就使语言和诡辩结下了不解之缘。因为自然语言存在着一些不可克服的缺点 ,所以有些人就会利用语言进行诡辩。     

基层思想政治工作的几种不良倾向

思想政治工作是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线 ,我们党历来就十分重视思想政治工作 ,思想政治工作也是我们党的主要优势 ,是各项事业取得顺利发展的重要保证。通过分析认为思想政治工作的重要环节———基层思想政治工作不同程度地存在许多不良倾向 ,如无所事事、好人主义、被动应付、务实主义等。改革开放向纵深发展 ,整个社会处于转型时期 ,思想政治工作任重道远 ,揭示基层思想政治工作不良倾向的危害 ,分析基层思想政治工作不良倾向产生的原因 ,提出以三个代表为理论武器、行动指南 ,才能从根本上克服基层思想政治工作的不良倾向 ,改变基层思想政治工作的面貌。