The reality of net capital gains and annual profit on NZ primary producing businesses: data from a recent survey of all farm types

ABSTRACT

Annual net cash returns and net capital gains provide farmers with their actual and potential monetary rewards, respectively. This article reports on a national farm survey showing both actual and potential returns, on average, are not as high as might be imagined. This is supported by the findings of earlier studies and has implications for rural societies and their associated economies. Data on income, expenses and profit is presented as is data on farm value changes over the life of each farm. The information is adjusted for inflation to provide ‘real’ data. The profit and net capital gain figures are divided into groupings based on a range of criteria such as total farm capital, and labour compliment as a reflection of farm size. Statistically significant differences occur for some groupings such as farm type and farm size.     

Ranking paired contestants

The ranking of paired contestants (players) after a series of contests is difficult when every player does not play every other player. In the 1975 JASA Mark Thompson presented a maximum likelihood solution based on the assumption that the probability of any one player defeating any other is a function only of the difference in their ranks. Here the linear approximation to that likelihood is shown to lead to a nonparametric measure of the efficacy of the ranking, called the net difference in ranks (NDR) , which is the sum of the differences in ranks of the paired players in the observed contests that agree with the ranking minus the sum of the differences in ranks in the observed contests that disagree with the ranking (upsets) . The subject is part of a large literature that has been consolidated by H.A. David in The Method of Paired Comparisons (1963, 1988). The method was introduced by the psychophysicist Fechner in 1860 and has been widely applied to sensory testing,     

网上作品著作权的法律保护研究

随着人类进入21世纪,互联网成为人们获取信息不可或缺的重要渠道。与此同时,网上作品,著作权的保护日益成为人们普遍关注的课题。由于网上作品著作权较之传统著作权在作品表现形式、著作权权利内容以及作品权利人方面存在其特殊性,因此,网上作品著作权法律保护制度有待进一步完善。首先,应扩大网上作品著作权的保护范围,包括扩大著作权保护的客体范围,扩大著作权的权利内容,增加著作权人的作品利用方式以及重视对著作人身权的保护;同时须对著作权的合理使用与侵权使用进行重新界定。     

基于神经网络的投资基金周净值预测

利用神经网络理论的辨识特性,建立了基金周净值预测的BP神经网络预测模型.通过对具有代表性的投资基金“基金金泰”的实证分析,表明该模型具有很好的非线性反映能力和学习能力,能准确预测基金周净值的变化趋势和上升与下降趋势的转折点,为预测基金净值未来走势提供了一个有效的方法.     

Entry into Consensual Unions and Marriages Among Finnish Women Born Between 1938 and 1967

This study, based on a survey undertaken in 1989, clearly illustrates the dramatic changes in family formation behaviour that have occurred in Finland. Whereas only about one-tenth of the first unions of women born between 1938 and 1942 began as consensual unions, after the cohort of 1962 only one-tenth were formal marriages. These changes lagged some ten years behind the corresponding ones in Sweden, but were about five years ahead of Norway. In Finland, up to the present, most consensual unions have constituted a temporary state which precedes proper family life. Most couples married in connection with the birth of the first child. Consensual union as a permanent lifestyle is generally connected with a low level of education of women.     

基于网络的高校教学信息监控系统的构建

现代化的教学信息监控是保证教学质量不断提高的重要途径。依据全面教学质量管理原理构建的基于网络的教学信息监控系统，具有广泛、及时、准确、高效等特点，可以实现教学信息监控的实时化、网络化和全面化。     

网络互动中人际信任概念辨析

因特网的虚拟性和匿名性等特征,使网络人际信任的内涵有别于现实社会。网络人际信任是交往双方对对方能够完成自己所托付之事的一种概括化期望,是心理预期和行为策略的统一。风险小、潜在威胁小是网络人际信任的基础;情感风险是网络人际信任的主要内容;文本符号是网络人际信任关系的中介。     

Win95工作站在局域网中的连结与应用探讨

本文以中文JWindows95 为例简要地介绍Win95 工作站在NOVELL 网、Win95 对等网、Windows NT 网三种典型局域网中的连结与应用.     

HF通信网中的突发自适应选频技术

介绍了突发自适应选频技术在ＨＦ通信网中的应用，分析了突发自适应选频的特点及网络应用的优势，设计了一套用于网络突发选频的协议，讨论了协议中的重要参数设定和协议性能，并提出了多种方案供优化     

食品机械故障的神经网络分析

提出了食品机械运行、故障、修理及经济性的神经网络分析,为食品机械运行技术管理、实时监控提供了智能化的科学手段。