临床评估中的文化偏向与行为一致性问题

文化和种族因素在临床评估中发挥着重要作用。建立于对白种人群研究基础上的评估技术在用于非白人患者时可能是不准确的，也可能导致，临床工作者缩小或夸大对其他文化群体成员的心理问题。认识到该问题的重要性，临床工作者可以用不同方法去防止评估中文化偏向的消极影响。此外，人类行为在各种情境中是否具有稳定性是一个引起人们激烈争论的问题。传统的人格理论家认为，行为在不同情境中更加具有稳定性；而学习范式理论家认为，行为在各种不同情境中更加具有可变性。     

融资过程中管理者的羊群效应分析——基于中美股市IPO数据的研究

以管理者对对象来研究羊群行为,在对有关投资者羊群行为研究文献进行分析的基础上,提出了一种度量管理者羊群效应的指标,然后结合中美市场IPO行为进行了实证。结果表明,中美证券市场的IPO发行过程中都存在一定程度的羊群效应,相对来说,中国证券市场的IPO行为羊群效应程度更强。     

Peer effects on substance use among American teenagers

The widespread use of illicit substances by American teenagers has attracted the interest of both the general public and academic researchers. Among the various factors that people believe influence youth substance use, peer effects are identified as a critical determinant. Identifying peer effects, however, is known to be a difficult task. In an attempt to overcome known difficulties, I estimate peer effects on substance usage among American teenagers using perceived peer behavior in the National Longitudinal Survey Youth 97. The data indicate robust peer effects. Moreover, the results do not change substantially in school and household fixed effects estimations.This is a chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Michigan State University. I am especially grateful to David Neumark for his constructive comments and continuous encouragement. I thank Jeff Biddle, Ali Berker, Frederic Durousseau, Gigi Foster, Daniel Hamermesh, John Strauss, Jeffrey Wooldridge, the participants in the labor economics workshop at Michigan State University and 2001 Joint Statistical Meeting, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Scott Adams and David Wetzell gave me detailed comments, as well as advice on English. Donna Maurer provided careful editorial assistance. All remaining errors are, of course, my own. Due to a confidentiality agreement with the BLS on the usage of the NLSY 97 GeoCode file, the part of the dataset that is constructed from the GeoCode file cannot be released. Responsible editor: Daniel S. Hamermesh     

我国大学生爱情道德观调查

爱情道德观是爱情观的基本要素。我国大学生对爱情道德以及处理爱情道德关系的原则与规范的认识,既明确又模糊,道德情感呈现多极,道德意志表现脆弱,正是大学生们爱情道德心理矛盾冲突的内在原因。     

诱因和压力激励相互关系探讨

本文关注了诱因和压力激励的差异及其关系问题,探讨了诱因激励与压力激励的关系,以及在形成员工行为动力机理方面的不同。     

Resilience to Discrimination and Rejection Among Young Sexual Minority Males and Transgender Females: A Qualitative Study on Coping With Minority Stress

Sexual minority and transgender status is associated with mental health disparities, which have been empirically and theoretically linked to stressors related to social stigma. Despite exposure to these unique stressors, many sexual minority and transgender individuals will not experience mental health disorders in their lifetime. Little is known about the specific processes that sexual minority and transgender youth use to maintain their wellbeing in the presence of discrimination and rejection. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 sexual minority males and transgender females aged 18–22 years, who currently met criteria for an operationalized definition of resilience to depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed qualitatively, yielding information related to a wide variety of problem-solving, support-seeking, and accommodative coping strategies employed by youth in the face of social stigma. Results are discussed in light of their clinical implications.     

Essentialist Beliefs About Homosexuality Predict Positive and Negative Behavioral Intentions Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men

This study focuses on essentialist beliefs about homosexuality as determinants of discriminatory intentions against gay men and lesbian women (LG) and the readiness to engage in positive action toward them. A sample of 997 exclusively heterosexual adults participated in an online study set in Croatia, a country with high homophobia undergoing social change that threatens the higher status of the heterosexual majority. Beliefs about immutability and universality of homosexuality were associated with less intention to discriminate and more readiness to engage in positive behavior, while discreteness beliefs were inversely related to both. Furthermore, attitudes toward LGs seem to be the mechanism behind the observed links. Results suggest essentialist beliefs might be fuel for attitudes, which are in turn associated with behavioral intentions. Importantly, essentialist beliefs had both indirect (with attitudes as mediators) and direct effects on behavioral intentions speaking in favor of their robust role in explaining LG-related phenomena.     

Internal communicators’ understanding of the definition and importance of employee advocacy

In recent years, employee advocacy has evolved as a hot topic that has generated a lot of buzz in todayös public relations, marketing, and business circles. In spite of the growing relevance of employee advocacy, there is limited empirical and theoretical research on this topic and a universal definition and clear understanding of its exact meaning is lacking. Hence, the purpose of this study was to fill a gap in public relations research on employee advocacy by examining how internal communicators understand this behavior and their perceptions of its value. Through interviews with 25 public relations and communications practitioners, the studyös results indicated that participants perceived that advocacy could be expressed verbally or nonverbally. Given these findings, the study proposed a new definition of employee advocacy. Overall, participants agreed that employee advocacy plays a critical role in an organizationös future performance and can impact its success in several ways.     

Social participation,health‐related behavior,and depression of older adults living alone in Korea

This study aims to identify the effects of social participation on depression among adults over 60 years old living alone in Korea, focusing on the mediating effect of health‐related behavior on the social participation–depression relationship. The study relies on secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and structural equation modeling method was employed for analyses. The findings indicate that older adults' participation in religious and social gatherings decreases depressive symptoms. The study also finds that regular eating behavior, drinking, and exercise also act as significant mediators, as older adults' participation in social gatherings is associated with those health‐related behaviors and that they also reduce depression. The results suggest that social participation by older adults who live alone is crucial not only for providing them with support but also for encouraging health‐related activities that can have direct effects on their mental health. Implications for social work practice are also discussed.     

Acting for Happiness: Financial Behavior and Life Satisfaction of College Students

Recent research on well-being suggests that domain-specific behaviors contribute to domain-specific satisfactions, which in turn contribute to an individual’s overall satisfaction with life. Our study is an attempt to add to the literature by observing these phenomena from a financial perspective. Using data collected from a sample of undergraduate students at a major state university in the U.S. and employing structural equation modeling, we have found evidence suggesting that positive financial behaviors contribute to financial satisfaction and financial satisfaction in turn contributes to life satisfaction. In addition, positive financial behaviors contribute to life satisfaction through two more mediating variables: academic performance and academic satisfaction.