额尔金眼中的太平天国

1858年额尔金访华,在清政府的许可下游历长江流域,此时正值太平天国与英国方面再度进行外交接触之际。在大叙事结构的背景下,额尔金的书信、日记记录了当时双方的真实交互。以此为切入点,可以更加清楚地看到太平天国作为一个政治主体,在1858~1861年间其官方外交手段是如何失败的。     

Effects of relationship duration,cohabitation, and marriage on the frequency of intercourse in couples: Findings from German panel data

Research into the changes in the frequency of sexual intercourse is (with few exceptions) limited to cross-sectional analyses of marital duration. We investigate the frequency of intercourse while taking into account relationship duration as well as the duration of cohabitation and marriage, effects of parenthood, and relationship quality. For the analysis we apply fixed effects regression models using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam), a nationwide randomly sampled German panel survey. Our findings imply that the drop in sex frequency occurs early in the relationship, whereas neither cohabitation nor marriage affects the frequency of intercourse to a significant extent. Sex frequency is reduced during pregnancy and as long as the couple has small children, but becomes revived later on. Relationship quality is found to play a role as well. These results are contrary to the honeymoon effect found in earlier research, but indicate that in times of postponed marriage an analogous effect may be at work in the initial period of the relationship.     

马克思主义文学理论的基石

长期以来文艺界很少清理作为主导的马克思主义文论,究竟以哪些相互联系的理论为基石。厘清马克思主义文学理论的基本点对于建设现代的文学理论具有学术和现实意义。马克思主义文学理论有六个基本观念。这六个要点有着内在的联系,文学活动论、文学反映论、艺术生产论、审美意识形态形式论、人民文学论和艺术交往论构成了一个完整的系统。从人类学的观念看,文学是人的活动;从辩证唯物论的观念看,文学是人的一种反映活动;从现代的经济学观念看,文学是一种艺术生产活动;从美学的社会学的观念看,文学是审美意识形态;从历史唯物论角度看,文学应该是"人民文学";从媒介和符号的观念看,文学是一种交往对话。马克思主义就从人类学的、哲学的、经济学的、美学的、社会学的、媒介学的、符号学等多学科的视点来理解文学,从不同的角度描画了文学的整体面貌。     

论文学阐释中的主体幻象

主体幻象的提出是对文学阐释活动中主体本质和动态特征关注的必然结果。在文学阐释中,主体幻象从主体差异、语境变化及主体的想象性变化等方面建构阐释所需的间性空间。作为文学阐释对话性维度的有效保障,主体幻象设定了解释学循环的起点和阐释的限度,在动态的交流结构中实现阐释的合法性。     

Friends’ religiosity and first sex

Researchers have established that individual religiosity influences sexual behavior and that religious support can increase consistency between personal religiosity and behavior. Researchers are less certain, however, of the effect that religious friendship networks have on sexual behavior. In addition, the effects of network characteristics such as density and one’s position in a social network have not been established. This paper uses a network subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of friends’ religiosity on the probability of first sex. We find that friends’ religiosity has an independent influence on adolescent sexual behavior that is similar in magnitude to personal religiosity. We also find evidence that friends’ religiosity has the strongest influence on the sexual behavior of adolescents who are embedded in dense social networks, in which teens’ friends are also friends with one another. These results support the hypothesis that group influences depend on the degree of embeddedness within the network and highlight the importance of studying religion as a property of groups as well as individuals.     

Some correlates of women's childhood sexual experiences: A retrospective study

Relatively few empirical studies have addressed long‐range effects of childhood sexual experiences. This study examined the relationships of various childhood sexual experiences to adult functioning in five areas: (a) family relations, (b) depression, (c) marital satisfaction, (d) sexual satisfaction, and (e) self‐esteem. A retrospective survey was conducted with a sample of 501 predominantly middle‐class women. No clinical or offender populations were used. Five standardized scales were used as dependent variables. On none of the five variables were the scores of women with childhood sexual experiences significantly different from those of women with no childhood sexual experiences. However, the interactions of negative experiences, such as the use of force and abusive behavior, with the type of partner, such as a parent or other relative, were significantly associated with adult functioning. Some of the findings challenge commonly held beliefs and have far‐reaching implications for the helping professions and others who study human sexuality.     

明清时期澳门在中西贸易中的地位

澳门兴起从葡人贿赂海道副使汪柏始,由于澳门港地理环境变化、葡国国力兴衰、明清政府海禁政策的调整,使澳门在中西贸易中地位从一个国际大商埠沦为一个以赌博为主的"梳打埠".澳门兴起开辟了中西交通史的新纪年,对世界贸易经济交流与发展起了重要作用.而澳门贸易地位的大起大落更发人深省.     

论行政主体与行政相对人法律关系的变化

行政相对人权利类型的丰富使其法律地位发生了重大的转变,从传统行政法中的从属、消极和被动的法律地位转变为现代行政法中的独立、积极、主动的法律地位。行政相对人法律地位的变化使其与行政主体的关系不再局限于行政权力支配下的“命令—服从”模式。在现代行政法律关系中,行政主体与行政相对人表现出更多的交流与沟通。     

搭建人文关怀的社会平台--从公众需求看大众传媒作为公共空间

公共空间是随着现代公民社会的产生而出现的,是现代化的产物,是社会进步的表征。与作为党和政府的"喉舌"不同,大众传媒作为公共空间,能彻底改变过去那种事实上的单向传播(灌输)模式,使双向对称传播(互动)得以落实,从而真正成为公民与政府、政权政治与政权外政治联系的桥梁与纽带,即通过体恤民众,满足民众的精神诉求,培养民众作为现代人应具备的自主意识和责任意识,在沟通协调中促进政府与公民相互间的了解、理解和信任,争取公民对政府的自愿合作与对政治的自觉认同,在社会上树立起公共精神品格,使自身成为引导民众、促进民主的"文化场"。大众传媒作为公共空间既有利于建设社会主义民主政治,又有利于我国社会主义精神文明的建设与发展:大众传媒作为公共空间更为关注人本身,更有利于满足人们的交往需求、尊重需求与认同需求;大众传媒作为公共空间着眼于让公众舆论发出自己真实的声音,更有利于满足公众政治参与的需求;大众传媒作为公共空间更为关注人的生存与处境,更有利于公众缓释精神压力,增强社会联系。     

梁实秋与闻一多早期文学交往再认识

梁实秋与闻一多在清华和留美时期关系密切,两者经常探讨诗歌创作问题,结成了“诗友”。由于艺术观不同,两者在诗歌创作、诗歌观念以及对一些作家的评骘上存在分歧。梁实秋认为艺术可以超越现实,坚持诗的“贵族性”和“唯美主义”;闻一多则兼容了诗的“现实性”与“时代性”。这种艺术观的差异其实源起两者的个性、气质与性情的差异,同时,也影响着两者的艺术走向与人生选择。在风云变幻的时代里,他们的分歧越来越大,最终走上了截然不同的人生道路。二人以“诗友”始,却没能以“心友”终。