中国货币政策传导机制分析

市场经济条件下,在发达的货币市场和有效的金融机制基础上,货币政策主要通过利率通道、汇率通道、非货币性资产通道和信贷传播通道四条途径影响宏观经济总量。本文通过实证分析,说明中国由于信贷管理体制、利率管制、金融市场不完善、微观经济主体非市场化运作等方面对货币政策传导的阻滞作用,中央银行的货币政策意图不能有效地指导实体经济,进而对疏导货币政策的传导机制提出对策建议。     

当代国际贸易中非关税壁垒的新体系及其作用机理

随着世界贸易组织对关税和传统非关税壁垒的约束,非关税壁垒形成以技术壁垒为核心的,包括技术壁垒、环境壁垒、社会壁垒和道德壁垒在内的新体系,成为当代国际贸易的新贸易壁垒.相对于传统贸易壁垒,新型非关税壁垒表现出合理与保护的二重性、保护方式的隐蔽性和实施标准、法规和程序的复杂性,从壁垒的实施过程来看,新型非关税壁垒具有数量控制和价格控制的双重限制作用.     

中药国际贸易中的绿色壁垒研究

WTO后时代以来,各国已较少利用关税和传统的非关税方式来限制中药进口。伴随着世界经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,以及人们对健康和生活的质量更多关注,对有害于人类健康和环境保护的产品的抵制,绿色壁垒应运而生。文章阐述了中药国际贸易中绿色壁垒的基本含义、分类、表现形式及其积极和消极影响,并在此基础上分析了我国的应对策略。     

绿色壁垒的理论分析及对我国农产品国际贸易的影响

本文从绿色壁垒的涵义、类型、特点开始,用经济学的外部性理论、信息不对称理论、交易成本理论对绿色壁垒的产生、存在以及解决思路进行了理论分析,随后探讨了绿色壁垒对我国农产品国际贸易的影响,并相应地提出了对策与建议。     

高科技产品市场化中的营销策略研究

从高科技及其产品概念入手，对中外高科技产品市场化情况作了对比分析，探讨了高科技产品不同于一般产品的营销障碍，并针对这些营销障碍提出了包括：塑造可信赖的高科技企业形象；以重点目标市场为突破口，借示范效应加速产品的扩散；实施体验营销，降低高科技产品采用的风险；引进风险投资，解决资金短缺难题；高科技产业进行集群化发展、规模化经营等在内的高科技产品市场化的营销对策。     

隔离墙及其影响

以色列修建隔离墙一事一直受到世人关注，看法也各不相同。然而，究竟什么是隔离墙?隔离墙的影响有那些?如何看待以单方面修建隔离墙呢?     

简论绿色壁垒产生的原因及理论基础——以中国畜产品出口为例

乌拉圭回合后,贸易保护主义走向更为隐蔽的方式--绿色壁垒.绿色壁垒的出现和频繁使用给中国的农畜产品出口贸易带来巨大的损失,并成为中国农业国际化的障碍.在介绍绿色壁垒产生背景的基础上,从定性分析角度分析了绿色壁垒产生及存在的基本原因--外部性和信息不对称导致的市场失灵,并提出矫正市场失灵的思路.     

Understanding the complex negotiations in fulfilling the right to independent living for disabled people

The independent living agenda has become dominated by a rights focus that has helped drive national-level shifts in setting norms and changing mind-sets. This paper is concerned with examining how rights are utilised by service providers in the process of facilitating independent living. Drawing on an empirical study of providers in Ireland, the paper identifies the strategies being used to put rights into practice. The findings show that in the process of creating a well-managed support arrangement for each individual, providers often take a delicate approach to using rights, and sometimes dilute their guiding principles when engaging in ongoing complex negotiations between individuals, families, staff and volunteers. The disabled people's movement can contribute to the shared learning required in enabling managers handle this process better, rather than solely rely on an abstract call for rights.     

Consumption of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Contaminated Beef and the Risk of Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease

To date, the variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) risk assessments that have been performed have primarily focused on predicting future vCJD cases in the United Kingdom, which underwent a bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic between 1980 and 1996. Surveillance of potential BSE cases was also used to assess vCJD risk, especially in other BSE‐prevalent EU countries. However, little is known about the vCJD risk for uninfected individuals who accidentally consume BSE‐contaminated meat products in or imported from a country with prevalent BSE. In this article, taking into account the biological mechanism of abnormal prion PrP^res aggregation in the brain, the probability of exposure, and the expected amount of ingested infectivity, we establish a stochastic mean exponential growth model of lifetime exposure through dietary intake. Given the findings that BSE agents behave similarly in humans and macaques, we obtained parameter estimates from experimental macaque data. We then estimated the accumulation of abnormal prions to assess lifetime risk of developing clinical signs of vCJD. Based on the observed number of vCJD cases and the estimated number of exposed individuals during the BSE epidemic period from 1980 to 1996 in the United Kingdom, an exposure threshold hypothesis is proposed. Given the age‐specific risk of infection, the hypothesis explains the observations very well from an extreme‐value distribution fitting of the estimated BSE infectivity exposure. The current BSE statistics in the United Kingdom are provided as an example.     

燕山山区农特产食品安全保护问题与对策研究

燕山山区农特产食品标准体系存在体系不健全,标龄长,标准宽严不当、保障体系不完善,知识产权战略和法律保护作用未充分发挥等问题,导致产品质量安全无法保障、国际贸易中易受技术壁垒制约。需要加大标准研制力度、宣贯力度,完善示范体系和制定法律法规实施细则,突出品牌战略,破解技术壁垒等应对措施。