我国牛羊肉价格波动非线性关系研究

我国牛羊肉价格高位运行的现状长期存在,且走势基本一致,研究两者之间的内在关系具有重要意义。基于1995—2014年牛羊肉价格季度数据,利用LSTR模型对两者之间的关系进行实证分析。结果表明：牛羊肉价格之间的相互关系通过“消费效应”和“生产效应”传达,其具有非线性特征,牛羊肉价格波动幅度临界值分别为0.061 2和 0.032 5,当价格波幅超过临界值时,价格影响呈现出非线性特征;在线性制度下,牛肉价格波动对羊肉价格的影响更大,而在非线性制度下则相反,这与VAR模型研究结果不同;牛羊肉价格之间的相互关系可大致划分为两个阶段,1996—2006年底主要表现为线性特征,2007年之后更多地表现为非线性特征。建议根据牛羊肉价格波动的不同临界值和制度区间,把握两者相互影响程度,出台覆盖两个品种的调控措施。     

复杂性科学:一场思维方式的变革

本文剖析了当代复杂性科学的兴起和发展所引起的思维方式的变革 ,诸如从线性思维到非线性思维、从还原论思维到整体性思维、从实体性思维到关系思维、从静态逻辑分析到过程思维等 ,并对复杂性思维这一新兴的跨学科方法论进行了扼要的概括与阐发     

当代生物学中的非线性因果观

随着当代自然科学尤其是生物学在微观领域的研究 ,传统的线性因果观受到了巨大的冲击 ,大量的生物学现象表现出的是一种非线性的关系。当代生物学的研究对非线性因果关系影响重大 ,遗传科技的发展对因果必然性的重新认识起了重要作用。从哲学层面上看 ,遗传决定论是对因果必然性的一种误区     

一类高阶非线性时滞微分方程解的振动性

得到了一类高阶非线性时滞微分方程一切解均为振动的充分条件和必要条件 .并在特殊情况下 ,得到了方程振动的一个必要充分条件 .     

购买力平价理论在人民币汇率预测中的应用

购买力平价理论是汇率预测的重要方法。应用协整理论对人民币/美元汇率的购买力平价形式进行检验可以发现,购买力平价理论一定时期内在人民币汇率上不成立。应用神经网络技术构造的非线性协整检验,结果显示其预测的效果要明显优于随机游动模型。因此可以认为在引入了非线性的机制后,基于汇率理论的结构式模型在预测汇率变化的能力上有所提高。     

非线性方程解的存在与唯一

本文讨论非线性方程解的存在的唯一性，得到了几个同胚定理，并应用于牛顿运动方程组的2n周期解的存在唯一性研究。推广了文[1-3,5-8]的部分结果。     

Saddlepoint-Based Bootstrap Inference for Quadratic Estimating Equations

Abstract.  We propose an easy to implement method for making small sample parametric inference about the root of an estimating equation expressible as a quadratic form in normal random variables. It is based on saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of the estimating equation whose unique root is a parameter's maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), while substituting conditional MLEs for the remaining (nuisance) parameters. Monotoncity of the estimating equation in its parameter argument enables us to relate these approximations to those for the estimator of interest. The proposed method is equivalent to a parametric bootstrap percentile approach where Monte Carlo simulation is replaced by saddlepoint approximation. It finds applications in many areas of statistics including, nonlinear regression, time series analysis, inference on ratios of regression parameters in linear models and calibration. We demonstrate the method in the context of some classical examples from nonlinear regression models and ratios of regression parameter problems. Simulation results for these show that the proposed method, apart from being generally easier to implement, yields confidence intervals with lengths and coverage probabilities that compare favourably with those obtained from several competing methods proposed in the literature over the past half-century.     

Bayesian analysis of threshold autoregressions

A nonasymptotic Bayesian approach is developed for analysis of data from threshold autoregressive processes with two regimes. Using the conditional likelihood function, the marginal posterior distribution for each of the parameters is derived along with posterior means and variances. A test for linear functions of the autoregressive coefficients is presented. The approach presented uses a posterior p-value averaged over the values of the threshold. The one-step ahead predictive distribution is derived along with the predictive mean and variance. In addition, equivalent results are derived conditional upon a value of the threshold. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the approach.     

On concurrence of several linear regressions and applications to problems of enzyme kinetics

In comparing several regressions E(y_ij) =α_i + β_ix_ij i = 1, 2, ..., k, j = 1,2, ..., n_i, researchers are generally interested in the following five problems: whether they have (1) equal slope, (2) equal intercept, (3) coincidence, (4) common intersection on X-axis, and (5) common intersection on (X,Y) - plane. Problems (1) - (3) can be put into the framework of the general linear hypothesis and the F-test can be used. However, problems (4) and (5) cannot be put into the general linear hypothesis because they are ratios of parameters. Hence, in this paper we consider the generalized likelihood ratio test for hypothesis testing. An application to an enzyme kinetics problem in Aniline Metabolism is demonstrated     

一类地下水水质污染问题广义解的唯一性及对初值和自由项的连续依赖性

本文讨论了一类地下水水质污染问题，其数学模型为一组非线性双曲—抛物耦合方程组，并证明了在相应初边值条件下广义解的唯一性及对初值和自由项的连续依赖性．