胜任力视阈里的四川藏区幼儿教师队伍建设

四川藏区特殊的人文和自然环境要求能胜任幼儿教育工作的教师应该具备热爱幼儿教育事业的职业心理、具备保育和教育的知识与技能、能够开展保育和教育、能同时使用国家通用语言（汉语）和少数民族语言同幼儿及家长进行交流、具有良好的身体素质。通过强化幼儿教师的职业意识、创新幼儿教师培养模式、加强保育能力培养、加强校内实训、开展校外顶岗实习和组织幼儿教师参加培训等措施可以促进四川藏区幼儿教师的专业发展。     

父母教养对学前幼儿自我控制能力发展的影响及教养策略探讨

自我控制能力对个人的健康、学业、婚姻等毕生发展的多个方面均有重要影响。学前阶段是个体自我控制能力发展的关键期,家庭环境中父母的教养对幼儿自控能力发展的影响至关重要。综合以往相关实证研究,父母主要通过情感互动、行为控制和自主支持这三个方面的教养方式影响幼儿的自我控制能力发展,其中情感支持与回应,设置明确的行为界限,以及提供自主支持等具体教养方式有助于幼儿自我控制能力的发展。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了培养幼儿自我控制能力的父母教养策略。     

幼儿园教师幸福感调查分析——以河南安阳市幼儿园为例

通过对幼儿教师幸福感现状、影响因素及其关系进行调查分析，得出幼儿教师的幸福感水平一般；她们最在意家庭的温馨、身体的健康、精神生活的充实等；感到不幸福的主要因素有家长不理解、薪酬低等；感到幸福的主要因素有幼儿的天真、无邪、家长、领导的支持和肯定等;并且在幼儿园地域、级别、规模和发展机会、工作压力和收入满意度上存在显著差异。最后根据研究的结果提出了合理性的建议。     

近五年中英幼儿教师职前教育项目的比较及其启示

2014年以来，中英两国均出台了卓越取向的幼儿教师职前培养项目以提升幼儿教师质量，促进幼儿教育高质量发展。通过比较研究两国幼儿教师职前培养项目在培养机构、课程内容、学员情况、经费投入方面的特色及异同点，分析得出我国卓越幼儿园教师的培养实施可借鉴英国幼儿教师职前教育项目的经验，建立卓越幼儿园教师专业标准，开设职前职后一体化培养路径，健全培养质量监管与激励机制三方面的经验。     

Beyond the Preschool Years: Children’s Perceptions About Starting Kindergarten

This article describes a research study that investigated three‐ and four‐year‐old Canadian preschool children’s perceptions about starting kindergarten. Findings from 33 focus‐group discussions suggest that children begin to formulate ideas about starting kindergarten prior to school entry. Children’s responses were grouped according to three themes, play versus academic activities and homework; getting bigger but still needing help; and rules. Overall, the responses highlighted their expectations regarding continuity and discontinuity between the two environments. These findings support the position that children should be given the opportunity to contribute to the planning of transition practices.     

乡村教师科研培训课程体系的构建——基于粤西北的调查

调查显示，乡村教师的科研处于初始或停滞状态，亟需构建科研能力培训课程体系。乡村教师缺乏教育教学反思能力是现实中普遍存在的问题，为此要加强对乡村教师教育理论知识的重温与重构。另外，针对乡村教师科研热情不高的现状，要建立科研培训课程体系。一方面，根据教育实践问题为科研活动提供研究方向，设置侧重科研过程原则性和步骤性的培训课程；另一方面，将乡村教师在日常教育教学中生发的心得体会和经验总结转化为科研论文，设置科研论文写作的培训课程。     

Daily Inhalation Rate and Time‐Activity/Location Pattern in Japanese Preschool Children

Lack of data on daily inhalation rate and activity of children has been an issue in health risk assessment of air pollutants. This study aimed to obtain the daily inhalation rate and intensity and frequency of physical activity in relation to the environment in Japanese preschool children. Children aged four–six years (n= 138) in the suburbs of Tokyo participated in this study, which involved three days' continuous monitoring of physical activity using a tri‐axial accelerometer and parent's completion of a time/location diary during daily life. The estimated three‐day mean daily inhalation rate (body temperature, pressure, saturated with water vapor) was 9.9 ± 1.6 m³/day (0.52 ± 0.09 m³/kg/day). The current daily inhalation rate value of 0.580 m³/kg/day proposed for use in health risk assessment in Japan is confirmed to be valid to calculate central value of inhaled dose of air pollutants in five‐ to six‐year‐old children. However, the 95th percentile daily inhalation rate of 0.83 m³/kg/day based on measurement for five‐year‐old children is recommended to be used to provide an upper bound estimate of exposure that ensure the protection of all five‐ to six‐year‐old children from the health risk of air pollutants. Children spent the majority of their time in sedentary and light level of physical activity (LPA) when indoors, while 85% of their time when outdoors was spent in LPA and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. The results suggest the need to consider variability of minute respiratory ventilation rate according to the environment for more refined short‐term health risk assessment.     

Testing the Vision: Preschool Settings as Places for Meeting,Bonding and Bridging

The OECD (2006 Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care. OECD Publishing: Paris) envisions early childhood education and care settings as meeting places for diverse social groups; places that build social capital. This vision was assessed in a comparison of three preschools types: full‐fee paying, subsidised‐fee and publicly funded. The social composition within each was examined and the connectedness of the children (n = 472) who attended compared. Publicly funded preschools had more socially diverse populations. The quantity of social connectedness did not differ but children in publicly funded preschools described higher quality social relationships. Not all preschool settings are socially diverse but, where they are, the quality of relationships is highest.     

Children’s narrative story stem responses: Contributions of executive functioning and language proficiency to relationship representations

Story stem narrative tasks provide insight into young children's inner experiences. Little research has investigated how developmental capacities impact narrative content and process. This study evaluates the influence of executive functioning (EF) and language ability on children's narratives. Data were gathered from 210 low‐income children. EF and language ability were assessed at age 4 and EF was assessed at age 6 via direct examination, cognitive‐motor tasks, and examiner ratings. Children's responses to eight story stems were gathered at age 6; three latent narrative variables were constructed (Prosocial, Aggressive/Conflict, and Avoidance/Danger), and Narrative Coherence was rated. Results of longitudinal path analyses in structural equation modeling demonstrated age 4 EF significantly predicted all narrative outcomes. Language ability independently predicted Prosocial and Narrative Coherence, and had an influence on Aggression/Conflict when modeled with EF. Age 6 EF mediated the relationship between age 4 EF and narrative outcomes. Findings provide insight into developmental abilities that influence on children's narrative responses to challenging interpersonal scenarios. Future research should study parent–child relations, EF, and language abilities simultaneously.     

Constructing ‘disability’ in Myanmar: teachers,community stakeholders,and the complexity of disability models

This article explores Myanmar teachers’ and community stakeholders’ constructions of disability. We examine how various religious perspectives – particularly Buddhism – inform and shape understandings of impairment and how these beliefs intersect with a strongly medicalised construction of disability. However, in our discussion and exploration of the responses, we also found that the notion of two primary disability ‘models’ – namely the medical model and the social model – lack nuance, complexity, and socio-cultural consideration. Through examining teachers’ and community members’ perspectives of disability in Myanmar, we highlight the importance of socio-cultural variance in understanding local constructions of disability.