Counter-geographies: The campaign against rationalisation of agricultural research stations in New South Wales, Australia

This paper discusses an example of community action mounted in a rural region of New South Wales, Australia, in response to proposals by the State Government to rationalise agricultural research stations operated by the Department of Primary Industries. Informed by a Foucaultian understanding of power and the concept of governmentality, neoliberalism is theorised as being the broad governmental context in which rationalisation proposals were put forward. Recent literature drawing on this theoretical perspective has emphasised that neoliberalism is enacted through a relationship of power, and is not monolithic or inevitable. Neoliberalism is always negotiated by those seeking to govern and those who are the object of such governmental actions. This paper analyses how plans to rationalise publicly funded agricultural research stations were opposed by those seeking to keep research facilities open in the case study area. The paper discusses the methods and scope of community action and, drawing on interviews, identifies a series of discourses articulated by campaigners. Non-local actors were depicted as uncaring and insensitive. In contrast, campaigners discussed the emergence of a ‘city-country divide’ in domestic politics; the need for specialist agricultural knowledge given the region's unique geographical location; and local impacts of an economic, social and emotional nature. Central were discourses of maintaining community, tradition, and continuity in unique local places defined by their climate, biophysical environment and economy. These were ‘counter-geographies’ that sought (successfully, it would transpire) to disrupt the state's imagined geography of a homogenous and flexible administrative space in which research services could be relocated wherever most efficient. Important too were embodied resistances to the way rural industries and people were subjected. Campaigners refused to accept preferred codes of neoliberal behaviour (particularly mobility and rationality) and instead demanded respect for their careers, families and communities. Important considerations are suggested for further research on impacts and negotiations of neoliberalism. This study particularly highlights the successes—as well as contradictions and limitations—of arguments that construct rural places as socialised, unique and unfairly treated (by governments), in opposition to metropolitan dominance and ‘placeless’ neoliberalism.     

试析城市电力设施的布局规划思路及方法——以绍兴市市区电力设施的布局规划为例

电力设施是城市电力系统的重要组成部分,针对电力设施的布局规划,采用国内领先的规划策略和优化模型,在科学合理的负荷分布预测基础上,对城市变电站站址及廊道的结构进行全面优化,并提前将电网规划结果纳入城市规划中.     

Analysis of the Treatment, by the U.S. Department of Energy, of the FEP Hydrothermal Activity in the Yucca Mountain Performance Assessment

The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR Part 63, stipulates that the expected performance of the geological high-level nuclear waste repository must be demonstrated through a total system performance assessment (TSPA). The TSPA represents an analysis that identifies all features, events, and processes (FEPs) that might affect the disposal system and examines the effects of the identified FEPs upon the performance of the system. Secondary minerals from the thick unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain were deposited from waters with temperatures up to 70-90 degrees C. U-Pb dating constrained the ages of the elevated temperatures to the period between 10 and 5-6 million years ago. Relatively youthful circulation of thermal waters (hydrothermal activity) would be of concern for the safety of the disposal facility. A phenomenological model was advanced by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which proposed that the minerals were deposited by infiltrating meteoric waters that were heated upon contact with the bedrock; it was hypothesized that the latter was conductively heated by a shallow silicic magma body. The model rendered processes responsible for elevated water temperatures inconsequential for the safety of the proposed nuclear waste facility. However, attempts by DOE at validating the model by means of numeric thermal simulations and analogue system observations were unsuccessful. Regulations specify two criteria for exclusion of a FEP from consideration in the TSPA: low probability and low consequence. The lack of a plausible phenomenological model makes it impossible to apply either of these two criteria to the FEP Hydrothermal Activity. Despite the lack of a valid criterion for exclusion, it was excluded from the TSPA. Both the development of DOE's thermal model and the formal FEP analysis were associated with deviations from DOE's quality assurance regulations.     

关于黑龙江省农村贫困地区发展对策的思考

黑龙江省共有国家级贫困县14个，省级贫困县7个，这些贫困县的发展已严重阻碍了黑龙江省新农村建设的进程。因此，探讨贫困县发展问题对黑龙江省发展具有重要的现实意义。本文通过分析黑龙江省贫困县收入现状及产生贫困的原因，提出应从基础设施建设、市场体系建设及教育等方面入手，帮助贫困县摆脱贫困。     

我国大型体育赛事场馆设施赛后利用对策研究

采用问卷调查法、数理统计法和文献资料法等研究方法就我国大型体育赛事场馆的赛后利用现状进行分析。认为其现状主要表现为对外开放率逐步提高,社会效益、经济效益并重;整体经营状况不容乐观,"自我造血"能力不强;"本体经营"为主,经营范围、方式进一步扩展;经营观念逐步改善,但营销观念相对滞后等方面。在此基础上,提出建前统筹规划、拓宽融资渠道、转变经营管理模式、开展多种经营、为职业体育赛事的发展提供平台、体教结合、开发场馆无形资产等对策建议。     

核事故早期应急群决策模型研究

有效快速的核事故早期应急决策,是核电站发生核事故后最后一道必要的屏障,因此决策的快速性与有效性至关重要。文章先构造效用函数,求出决策者的乐观系数,将决策判断矩阵中的区间值与模糊值精确化;在此基础上建立了个体与群体的决策模型,以提高决策的有效性。同时根据排序结果,构造群体与个体之间一致性判断矩阵,并根据判断矩阵进行交互与修改,使专家内部快速达成一致。最后通过算例说明方法的可行性。     

组织弹性研究的现状和趋势

福岛核事故表明,组织安全需定位于组织本身的应对事故和风险的能力,即组织的弹性。文章在文献研究的基础上,研究了组织管理安全研究的发展过程,对近年来国外关于组织弹性的研究现状进行了介绍,包括弹性的定义、组织弹性的结构和部分测量方法。最后对研究现状进行评价并且指出未来的研究方向。     

农户农业收入差异视角下 小型农田水利设施供给效果评估

近年来,随着财政农业农村支出持续增加,中央基建投资继续向小型农田水利基础设施建设倾斜,我国小型农田水利设施供给水平不断提高。通过对河南、宁夏、陕西3省1 434户农户实地调查表明,农民对小型农田水利设施的效果评价处于中等偏上水平,这一结果与不同农户间农业收入差异有密切关系。通过采用有序Logit模型,基于1 434户微观农户数据,探析不同农业收入水平农户关于小型农田水利设施供给效果的评价及影响因素。结果表明,农户需求是否满足、与邻村比较情况、农田水利设施灌溉的便利性及其维护管理情况是影响不同农业收入差异农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果的关键因素。农户性别、子女是否上学、近五年供给变化情况、水利管理部门重视程度、灌溉用水价格对部分农业收入差异组农户评价小型农田水利设施供给效果影响也较显著。从进一步提升小型农田水利设施供给水平、加强基层水利管理部门职能转变、完善小型农田水利设施监管机制和农户需求表达机制四个方面提出了建议。     

试析宋代农业经济繁荣的原因

宋代农业经济的繁荣与人口、垦荒和农田水利有着十分密切的关系。宋代人口的增长十分迅速,为农业生产的发展提供了充足的劳动力;农户垦荒热情高涨,使农田面积大大增加;而南北各地水利设施的兴建则保障了农业的进一步发展。在人口、垦田和农田水利等三方面因素的作用下,宋代的农业经济呈现出前所未有的繁荣。     

试析近年来朝鲜半岛核问题的演化以及中国的作为

近几年来,朝鲜半岛无核化进程出现严重逆转,六方会谈一直陷入沉寂.半岛核问题恶化的一个主要原因是朝鲜国内的权力过渡引发了各方政策关注点的再调整.朝鲜的核能力在过去几年里取得了一些重大进展,加深了国际社会的忧虑.为了推动六方会谈重启,中国做出了种种努力,但要成功实现早日复谈,仍需要美朝展示灵活性,发挥主动性,彼此合作并与其他各方共同努力,使半岛核问题重新驶回正确的轨道.