我国城市老年人居住环境现状与问题初探

老年人居住环境的改善是时代赋予建筑师的新命题。通过对我国部分城市老年人居住环境现状的考察,初步分析现在的问题,为老年人居住环境的切实改善提供依据。并介绍了日本该领域的研究方法与研究视点,以提供参考借鉴.关键词：##4老年人;;老年人设施;;居住环境;;人──环境关系     

Bridging the Gap between Social Acceptance and Ethical Acceptability

New technology brings great benefits, but it can also create new and significant risks. When evaluating those risks in policymaking, there is a tendency to focus on social acceptance. By solely focusing on social acceptance, we could, however, overlook important ethical aspects of technological risk, particularly when we evaluate technologies with transnational and intergenerational risks. I argue that good governance of risky technology requires analyzing both social acceptance and ethical acceptability. Conceptually, these two notions are mostly complementary. Social acceptance studies are not capable of sufficiently capturing all the morally relevant features of risky technologies; ethical analyses do not typically include stakeholders’ opinions, and they therefore lack the relevant empirical input for a thorough ethical evaluation. Only when carried out in conjunction are these two types of analysis relevant to national and international governance of risky technology. I discuss the Rawlsian wide reflective equilibrium as a method for marrying social acceptance and ethical acceptability. Although the rationale of my argument is broadly applicable, I will examine the case of multinational nuclear waste repositories in particular. This example will show how ethical issues may be overlooked if we focus only on social acceptance, and will provide a test case for demonstrating how the wide reflective equilibrium can help to bridge the proverbial acceptance‐acceptability gap.     

国际文化大都市的空间特征与规划策略

上海国际文化大都市文化设施的规划策略,应体现国际最高文化艺术水平,功能类型应丰富而全面.作为物质载体,建筑物品质应该是世界一流.在文化设施的空间分布与数量配置方面,更要以超强的集聚度产生世界性的吸引力.     

Family characteristics of children in cases of alleged abuse and neglect

Information is presented about the family composition, structure and significant relationships of 2069 children referred to an English social services department for suspected abuse and neglect. Of these children, 373 (18%) were subsequently placed on the child abuse register. Very few members of extended families were recorded as being significant in the lives of these children. Contrary to earlier research, less than one‐third of children lived with a lone or unmarried mother. However, children whose parents were married and living together were less likely to be registered. Nearly half of the mothers and one‐fifth of the fathers of registered children were aged 21 or less at their child's birth. Compared to all those referred, a significantly larger number of children registered were conceived by younger or older men. Two in five of the siblings of registered children were under 6, and the younger the siblings, the more likely the child was to be registered. Children with two or more siblings were also more likely to be registered. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

班组情景意识测量实验方法的比较分析

为了对班组情景意识测量方法的优劣进行全面分析和评价,文章着重对四种主要的班组情景意识测量方法进行简要介绍,方法包括CAST班组协调情景意识、SACRI控制室情景意识调查表、CARS班组情景意识评价量表和TSAGAT班组情景意识整体评估技术。同时进一步从方法本身、方法测量过程与结果等方面设置多个评价标准,对12个班组情景意识测量方法进行评价。结果表明12种测量方法各具特色,但通过建立的评价标准可对方法进行优劣识别,便于实验设置人员根据测量需求、实验环境等实际情况选择合适的测量方法或组合实验,为开发新的核电厂班组情景意识测量方法提供思路与建议。     

Contracting out of basic health facilities in Pakistan: Are the lessons generalizable?

Amid growing support within international development agencies for the privatization of health facilities in developing countries, contracting out of the Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Pakistan has been presented as a success. This article argues for caution in generalizing results from this model. It shows that the model improved service delivery because the organization taking over the BHUs was itself a government‐owned QUANGO (Quasi‐Autonomous NGO); similar concessions would not have been granted to a private provider. Further, the article shows that, given the strong resistance that the model continues to receive from administrators within the state system, development agencies must consider whether models that try to sidestep the bureaucracy instead of working towards installing good practice within the state system, can be viewed as a success.     

两次台海危机时期美国对华核态度初探（1954-1958年）

20世纪50年代发生了两次台海危机,也就在这个时期,美国第二次和第三次公开宣布对华使用核武器。通过对两次台海危机中美国对华核态度的探讨,指出制止中美核危机爆发的途径。     

供应商核损害赔偿责任豁免的反思与重构

基于保护受害人和促进核工业发展的考虑,豁免供应商对第三方的核损害赔偿责任成为国际惯例。但在实践中,责任豁免的范围被扩大到因供应商过错造成的核事故对营运人的损害。笔者认为,供应商核损害赔偿责任的绝对豁免不仅造成供应商与营运人权利义务的绝对失衡,有违公平公正,而且不利于敦促供应商加强质量管理与监督,从源头上防范核事故的发生。文章进而对供应商核损害赔偿责任进行了从绝对豁免到相对豁免的重构,建议明确规定供应商对因其原因造成核事故引起的核设施本身及营运人其他现场财产的损害承担赔偿责任,细化责任的实现途径。同时,借鉴各国在食品、药品等特殊领域废除适用发展风险抗辩的做法,要求核材料、核产品供应商承担产品发展风险责任。     

基于计划行为理论的核电接受度模型研究

核电技术作为一种争议性的技术,具有利益和风险并存的特点,因此,核电技术的顺利发展需要以民众的接受度为基础,并且对计划行为理论(TPB)进行改造,对核电接受度模型进行研究是很有必要的.研究表明:信任度、主观规范和感知行为控制对行为意愿的影响都很显著,其中信任度的影响度最高.民众对核电技术的利益感知和风险感知均能显著影响民众的信任度和行为意愿,但对于风险的谨慎要远胜于其对于利益的期望.     

关于我国核电发展趋势的构想

核电发展是我国经济发展必然的战略选择。日本核事故提醒我们要更加重视核安全,依托技术的发展,我国未来核电安全发展呈现:技术标准化、操作简约化;核裂变向快堆、核聚变方向发展;核电机组可运输性和小型化;核电技术应用宽泛化等特征。核电发展方向明确,前途光明。